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Từ điển khoa học động vật vần W | 872 Water Fig. 1 Typical body water compartments of total body water . rumen the remaining proportion is presumably directed to the omasum. Within the remainder of the ruminant gut quantitative net water absorption is greatest in the proximal small intestine followed by the omasum and large intestine.1-5 Recent data 6 indicate that the lower net water absorption in the large intestine by cattle than by sheep results from a reduced ability to retain absorbed water because more absorbed solvent solute is drawn back into the lumen through the larger paracellular pores between colonic cells in cattle. Water Mineral Composition Drinking water is a source of various minerals that are generally readily available for absorption unless complexed by an interfering nutrient. Minerals ingested in water and feed are a variable mix of positively and negatively charged ions that contribute to the dietary cation anion difference of consumed material DCAD and have a direct influence on fluid and acid base balance. The DCAD is calculated as the milliequivalents mEq of Na K Ca and Mg minus the mEq of Cl- S and P . 13 As anion consumption and concentration in the body increase cellular acidosis can occur. As the DCAD increases from negative to positive e.g. 20 to 100 mEq kg feed intake and performance are generally increased. However the prepartum dairy cow is one exception to the generalization. Inducing mild metabolic acidosis by feeding anionic diets before calving has been an effective means of preventing milk fever by potentiating calcium resorption from bone before the dramatic calcium needs at parturition arise. 13 Few data are available on the contribution of water minerals to overall DCAD. Socha et al. 14 reported average mineral profiles of more than 3600 drinking water TRANSPORTATION-INDUCED DEHYDRATION Transport of animals on semitrailer trucks from the site of birth to the site of growing and finishing can involve periods of up to 24 hours or more without access to water
