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This book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, resold, hired out, or otherwise circulated without the publisher's prior consent in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition including this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser. | PAGE 1 1 English grammar 1 Summary Grammatical units 2 The grammatical units of English are these word phrase clause and sentence. Word classes 3 The main word classes are these verb noun adjective adverb preposition determiner pronoun and conjunction. Phrases 4 There are these kinds of phrase verb phrase noun phrase adjective phrase adverb phrase and prepositional phrase. Sentence elements 5 The sentence elements are these subject verb object complement and adverbial. English compared with other languages 6 English words do nor have a lot of different endings for number and gender. Word order is very important in English. The verb phrase can have a complex structure. There are many idioms with prepositions. 2 Grammatical units A FLIGHT ANNOUNCEMENT Good evening ladies and gentlemen. On behalf of British Island Airways Captain Massey and his crew welcome you on board the Start Herald Flight to Southampton. Our flight time will be approximately forty-five minutes and we shall be climbing to an altitude of eight thousand feet and cruising at a speed of two hundred and fifty miles per hour. from M. Underwood and P. Barr Listeners The grammatical units of English are words phrases clauses and sentences. 1 Words The words in the announcement are good evening ladies and gentlemen on etc. NOTE For word-building e.g. air ways airways 282. 1 ENGLISH GRAMMAR 2 Phrases and clauses We use phrases to build a clause. Here is an example. Subject Verb Complement noun phrase verb phrase noun phrase Our flight time will be approximately forty-five minutes. Here the noun phrase ourflight time is the subject of the clause. A clause has a subject and a verb. There can be other phrases too. In this next example we use a prepositional phrase as an adverbial. Adverbial Subject Verb Object Object prepositional phrase noun phrase verb phrase noun phrase noun phrase On behalf of the airline we wish you a pleasant flight. For more about the different kinds of phrases 4. For subject object .
