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Gale Encyclopedia of American Law Volume 5 P50 fully illuminates today's leading cases, major statutes, legal terms and concepts, notable persons involved with the law, important documents and more. Legal issues are fully discussed in easy-to-understand language, including such high-profile topics as the Americans with Disabilities Act, capital punishment, domestic violence, gay and lesbian rights, physician-assisted suicide and thousands more. | 478 INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE In April 1996 Bosnia went before the International Court of Justice seeking a verdict against Serbia which it charged had violated the international convention against acts of genocide. AP IMAGES formed between two or more countries. Other cases range from nuclear testing and water boundary disputes to conflicts over the military presence of a foreign country. The ICJ is made up of 15 jurists from different countries. No two judges at any given time may be from the same country. The court s composition is static but generally includes jurists from a variety of cultures. Despite this diversity in structure the ICJ has been criticized for favoring established powers. Under articles 3 and 9 of the ICJ Statute the judges on the ICJ should represent the main forms of civilization and . principal legal systems of the world. This definition suggests that the ICJ does not represent the interests of developing countries. Indeed few Latin American countries have acquiesced to the jurisdiction of the ICJ. Conversely most developed countries accept the compulsory jurisdiction of the ICJ. The judgment of the ICJ is binding and technically cannot be appealed arts. 59 60 once the parties have consented to its jurisdiction and the court has rendered a decision. However a state s failure to comply with the judgment violates the U.N. Charter article 94 2 . Noncompliance can be appealed to the U.N. Security Council which may either make recommendations or authorize other measures by which the judgment shall be enforced. A decision by the Security Council to enforce compliance with a judgment rendered by the court is subject to the veto power of permanent members and thus depends on the members willingness not only to resort to enforcement measures but also to support the original judgment. The ICJ also may render advisory opinions on legal questions when requested to do so by the General Assembly the Security Council or other U.N. organs or .
