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221 representing projection levels which posits that (first-) merge of a head H with its complement forms an H-bar constituent, (second-) merge of a head with a specifier forms an H-double-bar constituent, (third-) merge of a head with a further specifier forms an H-treble-bar constituent, and so on (with the maximal projection of H being labelled HP). On A-bar position, see A-position. Bare: A bare infinitive structure is one which contains a verb in the infinitive form, but does not contain the infinitive particle to (e.g. the italicised clause in ‘He won’t let you help him’). A bare noun is. | 221 representing projection levels which posits that first- merge of a head H with its complement forms an H-bar constituent second- merge of a head with a specifier forms an H-double-bar constituent third- merge of a head with a further specifier forms an H-treble-bar constituent and so on with the maximal projection of H being labelled HP . On A-bar position see A-position. Bare A bare infinitive structure is one which contains a verb in the infinitive form but does not contain the infinitive particle to e.g. the italicised clause in He won t let you help him . A bare noun is a noun used without any determiner to modify it e.g. fish in Fish is expensive . A bare clause is one not introduced by an overt complementiser e.g. he was tired in John said he was tired . A theory of bare phrase structure is one in which there are no category labels or projection levels associated with constituents see 3.7. Base form The base form of a verb is the simplest uninflected form of the verb the form under which the relevant verb would be listed in an English dictionary - hence forms like go be have see want love are the base forms of the relevant verbs. The base form can typically function either as an infinitive cf. Try to stay an imperative cf. Stay with me tonight a present tense indicative form They sometimes stay with me or a subjunctive form cf. I demand that he stay with me . Binarity Principle A principle of Universal Grammar specifying that all nonterminal nodes in syntactic structures i.e. tree-diagrams are binary-branching. See 3.2. Binary A term relating to a two-way contrast. For example number is a binary property in English in that we have a two-way contrast between singular forms like cat and plural forms like cats. It is widely assumed that parameters have binary settings that features have binary values and that all branching in syntactic structure is binary. Binary-branching A tree diagram in which every nonterminal node has two daughters is binarybranching a