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41 develop a more constrained theory of syntax. Moreover, additional support for the Binarity Principle comes from evidence that phonological structure is also binary, in that (e.g.) a syllable like bat has a binary structure, consisting of the onset |b| and the rhyme |at|, and the rhyme in turn has a binary structure, consisting of the nucleus |a| and the coda |t| (See Radford et al. 1999, pp. 88ff. for an outline of syllable structure). Likewise, there is evidence that morphological structure is also binary: e.g. (under the analysis proposed in Radford et al 1999, p.164) the noun indecipherability is. | 41 develop a more constrained theory of syntax. Moreover additional support for the Binarity Principle comes from evidence that phonological structure is also binary in that e. g. a syllable like bat has a binary structure consisting of the onset b and the rhyme at and the rhyme in turn has a binary structure consisting of the nucleus a and the coda t See Radford et al. 1999 pp. 88ff. for an outline of syllable structure . Likewise there is evidence that morphological structure is also binary e.g. under the analysis proposed in Radford et al 1999 p.164 the noun indecipherability is formed by adding the prefix de- to the noun cipher to form the verb decipher then adding the suffix -able to this verb to form the adjective decipherable then adding the prefix in- to this adjective to form the adjective indecipherable and then adding the suffix -ity to the resulting adjective to form the noun indecipherability. It would therefore seem that binarity is an inherent characteristic of the phonological morphological and syntactic structure of natural languages. There is also a considerable body of empirical evidence in support of a binary-branching analysis of a range of syntactic structures in a range of languages See e.g. Kayne 1984 - though much of this work is highly technical and it would not be appropriate to consider it here. 3.3 Clauses Having considered how phrases are formed let s now turn to look at how clauses and sentences are formed. By way of illustration suppose that speaker B had used the simple single-clause sentence italicised in 14 below to reply to speaker A rather than the phrase used by speaker B in 10 14 SPEAKER A What are you doing SPEAKER B We are trying to help you What s the structure of the italicised clause produced by speaker B in 14 In work in the 1960s clauses were generally taken to belong to the category S Sentence Clause and the sentence produced by B in 14 would have been taken to have a structure along the following lines 15 However a .
