Đang chuẩn bị liên kết để tải về tài liệu:
Lecture Organic chemistry - Chapter 4: Cycloalkanes

This lecture introduces you to cycloalkanes. The following will be discussed in this chapter: Naming Cycloalkanes, stereoisomers, definition of stereoisomers, ring strain, strain relief through “banana” bonds,.and other contents. | Chapter 4: Cycloalkanes Abundant in nature, especially in polycyclic frames: the steroid sex hormones Testosterone Estrone Regulate growth and function of reproductive organs; stimulate development of secondary sexual characteristics O H C H3 H O H H O H H H C H3 C H3 O H 7/20/2015 © Univesity of California 1 Diosgenin was first extracted from the Mexican yam in 1941 and this continues to provide a source for the production of sex steroids including norethisterone (norethindrone in the USA) and progesterone CHEMICAL HIGHLIGHT 4-2 Controlling Fertility: From “the Pill” to RU-486 The menstrual cycle is controlled by three protein hormones from the pituitary gland. The follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) induces the growth of the egg, and the luteinizing hormone (LH) induces its release from the ovaries and the formation of an ovarian tissue called the corpus luteum. The third pituitary hormone (luteotropic hormone, also called luteotropin or prolactin), stimulates the corpus luteum and . | Chapter 4: Cycloalkanes Abundant in nature, especially in polycyclic frames: the steroid sex hormones Testosterone Estrone Regulate growth and function of reproductive organs; stimulate development of secondary sexual characteristics O H C H3 H O H H O H H H C H3 C H3 O H 7/20/2015 © Univesity of California 1 Diosgenin was first extracted from the Mexican yam in 1941 and this continues to provide a source for the production of sex steroids including norethisterone (norethindrone in the USA) and progesterone CHEMICAL HIGHLIGHT 4-2 Controlling Fertility: From “the Pill” to RU-486 The menstrual cycle is controlled by three protein hormones from the pituitary gland. The follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) induces the growth of the egg, and the luteinizing hormone (LH) induces its release from the ovaries and the formation of an ovarian tissue called the corpus luteum. The third pituitary hormone (luteotropic hormone, also called luteotropin or prolactin), stimulates the corpus luteum and maintains its function. As the cycle begins and egg growth is initiated, the tissue around the egg secretes increasing quantities of estrogens. When a certain concentration of estrogen in the bloodstream has been reached, the production of FSH is turned off. The egg is released at this stage in response to LH. At the time of ovulation, LH also triggers the formation of the corpus luteum, which in turn begins to secrete increasing amounts of progesterone. This last hormone suppresses any further ovulation by turning off the production of LH. If the egg is not fertilized, the corpus luteum regresses and the ovum and the endometrium (uterine lining) are expelled (menstruation). Pregnancy, on the other hand, leads to increased production of estrogens and progesterone to prevent pituitary hormone secretion and thus renewed ovulation. The birth control pill consists of a mixture of synthetic potent estrogen and progesterone derivatives (more potent than the natural hormones), which, when .