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Lectures Comparative political: Lecture VI - Rouge and failed states presented failed states, massacres in rwanda, the bankrupt state, rouge state, reactions to failed and rouge states. | LECTURE VI ROUGE AND FAILED STATES Failed states Term “failed states” Of American origin and quite recent usage - currently enjoys success in international literature Its popularity dating back some ten years - roughly to time of large-scale massacres in Rwanda Empirically meaning: a state apparatus can no longer fully function like a normal state which should include the safety of its population Result not just internal upheaval - but external repercussions: intervention from neighbouring states massive flow of refugees contagious instability affect international peace & security threatened This raises two simple questions: First - term “failed state” formula or concept Second, what purpose does it serve as a concept or formula? Failed states A concept to describe and understand a series of situations Interest academics and researchers A formula to allow development of responses to those situations, and a strategy for action to remedy the failure Interest also politicians, intnl organizations, NGO, etc. Failed states A failed state refers to public authorities government, civil service, armed forces, and civil society A state = a defined space, a given social group, and an independent political power Failure rises out of any of the 3 elements or all 3 Some concrete situations Massacres in Rwanda Massacres in Rwanda The bankrupt state The notion of bankrupt state sometimes refers to countries whose financial situation was deteriorated set aside Also, one more notion to bankrupt state: a financial solution through intnl intervention* Generates social and political tensions Greece as a contemporary example Rouge state Another notion of Africa origin The state’s policy represents a threat to its surrounding area in ways that: It violates intnl treaties or humanitarian law Exert a police dictatorship Equipping itself with weapons of mass destruction A rouge state is a potential failed state * Sudan’s Darfur conflict Reactions to failed and rouge states Prevention: Identify the dangers of a state’s integrity being undermined the situation of a “failing state” Preconditions for identification At analytical level: Identify the premonitory signs: the degree of national cohesion, the government’s quality and honesty, respect for human, the existence of a pluralist system and free elections Information may be available but vigilance is often lacking States are not ready to publicize or share their information and analysis * Reactions to failed and rouge states At strategic level The level at which actions are taken Solutions are found through a kind of private diplomacy or by making suggestions to governments Appropriate measures have to be agreed upon Reactions to failed and rouge states => prevention mechanism proves to be: Easiest and least costly Noble approach, since it avoids all violence should require only limited resources The most difficult to implement in reality a realm of theory rather than practice
