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Teaching academic ESL writing part 6

Tham khảo tài liệu 'teaching academic esl writing part 6', ngoại ngữ, toefl - ielts - toeic phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | 38 CHAPTER 3 Other researchers also identified the critical role of grammatical accuracy in L2 academic writing and stressed that instruction in grammatical features of formal written genres is paramount. Without teaching and extensive practice many learners are unable to develop a full range of L2 advanced grammatical features essential in formal and written discourse Celce-Murcia Hilles 1988 R. Ellis 1994 Hammerly 1991 Schmidt 1994 Shaw Liu 1998 . R. Ellis 1990 explained that formal classroom teaching with its emphasis on linguistic accuracy will engage the learner in planned spoken or written discourse and develop the corresponding type of competence p. 121 . It is important to keep in mind however that the teaching of grammar essential for the production of L2 writing is not intended to develop NNS students overall native-like proficiency Pica 1994 . For instance in her overview of L2 learning research Larsen-Freeman 1991 concluded explicitly that for most adult learners complete mastery of the L2 may be impossible and that the purpose of L2 teaching and learning is to enable learners to go as far as they are capable of going in the L2 but ESL teachers should be realistic in their expectations p. 337 . PREFABRICATED SENTENCES AND LEXICALIZED CHUNKS Grammar instruction that has the goal of preparing students for academic studies in English-speaking countries needs to be designed to develop learners practical and useful skills that are directly relevant to producing academic text. Teaching grammar for writing cannot take place in isolation from the lexical and discourse features of text e.g. the verb tenses in academic prose are determined by the type of context in which they are used The present tense is useful in citations of sources but not descriptions of case studies Swales Feak 1994 . Most important grammar instruction has to take place in tandem with instruction on vocabulary and academic collocations. A great deal of research carried out on the .