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Source: HANDBOOK OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CALCULATIONS SECTION 25 HYDRAULIC AND PNEUMATIC SYSTEMS DESIGN Determining Response Time of PilotOperated Solenoid-Energized Spool Valves in Hydraulic Systems 25.1 Hydraulic-System Reservoir and Heat Exchanger Selection and Sizing 25.12 Choosing Gaskets for Industrial Hydraulic Piping Systems 25.19 Computing Friction Loss in Industrial Hydraulic System Piping 25.26 Hydraulic-Cylinder Clearance for Damping End-of-Stroke Forces 25.29 Hydraulic System Pump and Driver Selection 25.32 Hydraulic Piston Acceleration, Deceleration, Force, Flow, and Size Determination 25.36 Hydropneumatic Accumulator Design for High Force Levels 25.39 Membrane Vibration in Hydraulic Pressure-Measuring Devices 25.41 Power Savings Achievable in Industrial Hydraulic Systems 25.42 Pneumatic-Circuit Analysis Using Various Equations. | Source HANDBOOK OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CALCULATIONS __SECTION 25 HYDRAULIC AND PNEUMATIC SYSTEMS DESIGN Determining Response Time of Pilot-Operated Solenoid-Energized Spool Valves in Hydraulic Systems 25.1 Hydraulic-System Reservoir and Heat Exchanger Selection and Sizing 25.12 Choosing Gaskets for Industrial Hydraulic Piping Systems 25.19 Computing Friction Loss in Industrial Hydraulic System Piping 25.26 Hydraulic-Cylinder Clearance for Damping End-of-Stroke Forces 25.29 Hydraulic System Pump and Driver Selection 25.32 Hydraulic Piston Acceleration Deceleration Force Flow and Size Determination 25.36 Hydropneumatic Accumulator Design for High Force Levels 25.39 Membrane Vibration in Hydraulic Pressure-Measuring Devices 25.41 Power Savings Achievable in Industrial Hydraulic Systems 25.42 Pneumatic-Circuit Analysis Using Various Equations and Coefficients 25.44 Air Flow Through Close-Clearance Orifices in Pneumatic Systems 25.49 Labyrinth Shaft Seal Leakage Determination 25.58 Pipe-Wall Thickness for Hydraulic Systems without Fluid Shock 25.67 Pipe-Wall Thickness for Hydraulic Systems with Fluid Shock 25.68 Allowable Stress in Hydraulic System Piping 25.68 Hydraulic Fluid Compressibility and System Bulk Modulus 25.69 Selection of Fluids for Oil Hydraulic and Control Systems 25.69 Effect of Trapped Air on Hydraulic System Bulk Modulus 25.71 Surge Pressure in Hydraulic Cylinders 25.72 Sizing a Hydraulic System Fluid Reservoir 25.72 Required Volume of Bladder-Type Accumulator 25.73 Determining Hydraulic Accumulator Demand Volume 25.74 Effective Force Developed by a DoubleActing Hydraulic Cylinder 25.74 Hydraulic Cylinder Oil Consumption and Extension Time 25.75 Hydraulic Cylinder Power Output 25.76 Selecting Hydraulic Motors and Pumps by Using Manufacturer s Size Tables 25.76 DETERMINING RESPONSE TIME OF PILOT-OPERATED SOLENOID-ENERGIZED SPOOL VALVES IN HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS A pilot-operated solenoid-energized spool control valve in a hydraulic system has .
