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Wastewater Management is one of the most concerns in any urban area. An efficient management contributes to the wealth of a community, never the less a poor management leads to unpredictable hazards related to health, environmental pollution, etc. In developed countries, the issues of water and sanitation are solved, floodings are well controlled. | DRESDEN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY VNU UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE Le Quynh Dung DEVELOPMENT OF A SIMPLIFIED CONCEPT FOR PROCESS BENCHMARKING OF URBAN WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT MASTER THESIS Hanoi - 2011 DRESDEN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY VNU UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE Le Quynh Dung DEVELOPMENT OF A SIMPLIFIED CONCEPT FOR PROCESS BENCHMARKING OF URBAN WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT Major Waste Management and Contaminated Site Treatment MASTER THESIS SUPERVISOR PROF. DR. RER. NAT DR. H. C PETER WERNER MSC-ENG. PHAN HOANG MAI Hanoi - 2011 TABLE OF CONTENTS ABBREVIATIONS.3 LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES.4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.5 INTRODUCTION.6 CHAPTER I.8 Theoretical Foundations of Urban Wastewater Management System.8 1.1 Characteristics of Urban Wastewater.8 1.1.1 What is Urban Wastewater .8 1.1.2 Constituents of Wastewater.8 1.2 Overview of the Urban Wastewater Management System.22 1.2.1 Components of Urban Wastewater Management System.22 1.2.2 Types of Wastewater Management System.23 1.3 Sub-processes of Wastewater Management System.26 1.3.1 Collection Systems.26 1.3.2 Wastewater Treatment.28 1.3.3 Sludge Treatment and Disposal.36 1.3.4 Effluent Disposal and Reuse.37 1.4 Current situation of Urban Wastewater Management in Vietnam.37 1.4.1 The Development of the Urban Drainage System.37 1.4.2 Current Structure and Operation of Urban Drainage Systems.38 1.4.3 The Organizations of Urban Drainage Services in Vietnam.39 1.4.4 Financial Aspects of Urban Drainage Companies.40 1.4.5 Legal and Institutional Frameworks.40 1.4.6 Investment and Management of Urban Drainage System.41 CHAPTER II.42 Benchmarking in the Urban Wastewater Management Sector. 42 2.1 Fundamentals of Benchmarking.42 2.1.1 Definition of benchmarking.42 2.1.2 Types and elements of benchmarking.43 2.2 International Benchmarking System in Water Industry .46 2.2.1 Benchmarking of large Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants in Austria.46 2.2.2 Benchmarking in Canada.48 2.2.3 North European Benchmarking Co-operation.49 2.3 Process Benchmarking in
