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The high output of sewage sludge, which is increasing during recent years, and the limitations of the existing means of disposing sewage sludge highlight the need to find alternative routes to manage this waste. Biom | Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 16 2012 2781-2805 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews journal homepage www.elsevier.com locate rser Sewage sludge pyrolysis for liquid production A review Isabel Fontsa b Gloria Geab Manuel Azuarab Javier Ábregoc Jesús Arauzob a Centro Universitario de la Defensa de Zaragoza Ctra. Huesca s n 50090 Zaragoza Spain b Thermochemical Processes Group GPT Aragón Institute for Engineering Research I3A Universidad de Zaragoza Mariano Esquillor s n 50018 Zaragoza Spain c Institute de Carboquímica CSIC Miguel Luesma Castán 4 50018 Zaragoza Spain ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history Received 7 September 2011 Accepted 26 February 2012 Available online 24 March 2012 Keywords Sewage sludge Pyrolysis Bio-oil The high output of sewage sludge which is increasing during recent years and the limitations of the existing means of disposing sewage sludge highlight the need to find alternative routes to manage this waste. Biomass and residues like sewage sludge are the only renewable energy sources that can provide C and H thus it is interesting to process them by means of treatments that enable to obtain chemically valuable products like fuels and not only heat and power pyrolysis can be one of these treatments. The main objective of this review is to provide an account of the state of the art of sewage sludge pyrolysis for liquid production which is under study during recent years. This process yields around 50 wt daf of liquid. Typically this liquid is heterogeneous and it usually separates into two or three phases. Some of these organic phases have very high gross heating values even similar to those of petroleum-based fuels. The only industrial sewage sludge pyrolysis plant operated to date is currently closed due to some technical challenges and problems of economic viability. 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Contents 1. Introduction.2782 1.1. The problematic disposal of sewage .
