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There have been relatively few studies involving the measurement of root force (F, in Equation (1)) because of the experimental difficulties. Root force must be measured after the root has penetrated the surface of the soil to a depth of several times its diameter (since root penetration resistance is initially lower because the surface of the surrounding soil is displaced upwards; Gill, 1968), but before root hairs anchor the tip (Stolzy & Barley, 1968; Ennos, 1989). To calculate the root penetration resistance requires measurement. | Engine Mechanical Service Manual 6.0L LQ4 LQ9 6-2 Engine Mechanical - 6.0L Engine This Page Was Intentionally Left Blank 2002 Engine Engine Mechanical - 6.0L 6-3 Contents Engine Mechanical - 6.0L Specifications.7 Fastener Tightening Specifications.7 Engine Mechanical Specifications.10 Engine Mechanical Specifications cont d .11 Engine Mechanical Specifications cont d .12 GM SPO Group Numbers.13 Sealers Adhesives and Lubricants.14 Thread Repair Specifications.15 Engine Block-Front View.15 Engine Block-Rear View.16 Engine Block-Left Side View.17 Engine Block-Right Side View.18 Engine Block-Bottom View.19 Engine Block-Top View.21 Cylinder Head-Top View.22 Cylinder Head-End View.22 Cylinder Head-Exhaust Manifold Deck View.23 Cylinder Head-Intake Manifold Deck View.24 Component Locator.25 Disassembled Views.25 Intake Manifold Upper Engine . 25 Cylinder Head Upper Engine.27 Lower Front of Engine.28 Lower Engine Assembly.29 Cylinder Head Assembly Aluminum .31 Oil Pump Assembly.32 Engine Identification . 32 Repair Instructions.34 Draining Fluids and Oil Filter Removal . 34 Crankshaft Balancer Removal . 36 Tools Required.36 Engine Flywheel Removal . 37 Clutch Pilot Bearing Removal.38 Oil Level Indicator and Tube Removal.39 Exhaust Manifold Removal-Left.40 Exhaust Manifold Removal-Right.40 Water Pump Removal.41 Throttle Body Removal.41 Fuel Rail and Injectors Removal . 42 Intake Manifold Removal.43 Coolant Air Bleed Pipe Removal . 45 Engine Valley Cover Removal.46 .