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We present an operable definition of focus which is argued to be of a cognito-pragmatic nature and explore how it is determined in discourse in a formalized manner. For this purpose, a file card model of discourse model and knowledge store is introduced enabling the decomposition and formal representation of its determination process as a programmable algorithm (FDA). Interdisciplinary evidence from social and cognitive psychology is cited and the prospect of the integration of focus via FDA as a discourse-level construct into speech synthesis systems, in particular, concept-tospeech systems, is also briefly discussed. . | Proceedings of EACL 99 Focusing on focus a formalization Yan Zuo Letteren GM CLS Postbus 90153 5000LE Tilburg The Netherlands yzuo@kub.nl Abstract We present an operable definition of focus which is argued to be of a cognito-pragmatic nature and explore how it is determined in discourse in a formalized manner. For this purpose a file card model of discourse model and knowledge store is introduced enabling the decomposition and formal representation of its determination process as a programmable algorithm FDA . Interdisciplinary evidence from social and cognitive psychology is cited and the prospect of the integration of focus via FDA as a discourse-level construct into speech synthesis systems in particular concept-to-speech systems is also briefly discussed. 1. Introduction The present paper aims to propose a working definition of focus and thereupon explore how focus is determined in discourse in doing so it hopes to contribute to the potential integration of a focus module into speech synthesis systems in particular concept-to-speech ones. The motivation largely derives from the observation that focus though recognized as the meeting point of linguistics and artificial intelligence Hajicova 1987 carrying significant discourse information closely related to prosody generation has nonetheless appeared evasive and intractable to formalization. Most current speech synthesis systems simply take focus as the point of departure in an a priori manner whilst few have looked into the issue of how focus occurs as it is namely how focus is determined by the speaker presumably in the discourse. We aim to redress this inadequacy by first defining focus as a cognito-pragmatic category which then enables a formal and procedural characterization of focus determination process in discourse captured as focus determination algorithm FDA . The FDA to be proposed is largely based on human-human dialogue though space consideration precludes the full presentation of data but is .
