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Football hooliganism periodically generates widespread political and public anxiety in a variety of European and non-European countries. In spite of the efforts made and resources invested over the past decades, football hooliganism is still perceived by politicians, policymakers, media and other actors as a disturbing social problem. Issues such as how to understand or explain hooligan behaviour continue to challenge social scientists, while at the same time instant answers and solutions are demanded from wider, non-academic audiences | Understanding Football Hooliganism A Comparison of Six Western European Football Clubs Ramón Spaaij Universiteit van Amsterdam Understanding Football Hooliganism The research for this book was funded by the Amsterdam School for Social Science Research ASSR and the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research NWO . Cover design René Staelenberg Amsterdam Cover illustration Kees Spruijt ISBN-10 90 5629 445 8 ISBN-13 978 90 5629 445 8 NUR 756 Vossiuspers UvA - Amsterdam University Press 2006 All rights reserved. Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above no part of this book may be reproduced stored in or introduced into a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic mechanical photocopying recording or otherwise without the written permission of both the copyright owner and the author of the .