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In the right situation, a speaker can use an unqualified indefinite description without being misunderstood. This use of language, normal slate implicature, is a kind of conversational implicature, i.e. a non-truth-functional context-dependent inference based upon language users' awareness of principles of cooperative conversation. I present a convention for identifying normal state implicatures which is based upon mutual beliefs of the speaker and hearer about certain properties of the speaker's plan. A key property is the precondition that an entity playing a role in the plan must be in a normal state with respect to the plan. . | NORMAL STATE IMPLICATURE Nancy L. Green Department of Computer and Information Sciences University of Delaware Newark Delaware 19716 USA Abstract In the right situation a speaker can use an unqualified indefinite description without being misunderstood. This use of language normal sịaie im-plicature is a kind of conversational implicature i.e. a non-truth-functional context-dependent inference based upon language users awareness of principles of cooperative conversation. I present a convention for identifying normal state implica-tures which is based upon mutual beliefs of the speaker and hearer about certain properties of the speaker s plan. A key property is the precondition that an entity playing a role in the plan must be in a normal state with respect to the plan. 1 Introduction In the right situation a speaker can use an unqualified indefinite description without being misunderstood. For example a typical customer in a typical pet shop who said la in response to the clerk s question in 1 would expect to be understood as meaning lb . The goal of this paper is to formally describe such uses of language. 1 1A similar use of language is noted in McC87 . McCarthy pp. 29-30 discusses the problem of bridging the gap between a rather direct translation into first order logic of a statement of the Missionaries and Cannibals puz-zie and a representation suitable for devising a solution to the puzzle. For example if the puzzle statement mentions that a rowboat that seats two is available and doesn t say that anything is wrong with the boat the problem-sol ver may assume that the boat doesn t leak has oars etc. McCarthy proposes a general-purpose method for formalizing common sense reasoning circumscription to solve the problem. Also a similar use of language is described in Gri75 p. 51 A is standing by an obviously immobilized car and is approached by Bi the following exchange takes place A I am out of petrol. B There is a garage round the comer. . B implicates that the
