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Social inclusion and social support are recognised as key social determinants of health17. The Heart Foundation has found strong and consistent evidence that people who are socially isolated or lacking quality social support are more likely to develop coronary heart disease, and that social support and social isolation can affect the recovery and future health of people who already have heart disease21. Evidence also shows a strong link between social capital, sense of community belonging, community participation, a culture of cooperation and tolerance, and positive mental health2. Participation in physical activity has specific additional benefits for positive mental health. Our health promotion services have a focus on increasing physical activity, and are using a. | JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency Nibancho Center Building 5-25 Niban-cho Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 102-8012 Tel 81-3-5226-6660 6661 6662 6663 http www.jica.go.jp english June 2012 r JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency Every Life is Precious Maternal Newborn and Child Health photo Shinichi Kuno Maternal Newborn and Child Health Issues Approximately 287 000 women in the world are estimated to have died in 2010 as a result of pregnancy or birth-related complications and almost 7.6 million children died in 2010 before their fifth birthday. The overwhelming majority of such maternal and child deaths have been occurring in developing countries which obviously constitutes a health crisis for these countries. In spite of steady improvements in the conditions related to maternal and child health at this pace it seems that it will be difficult to achieve the Millennium Development Goal MDG 4 to Reduce Child Mortality and MDG5 to Improve Maternal Health by 2015. The global community is therefore intensifying efforts to strengthen work on maternal newborn and child health MNCH opportunities and outcomes. Since the process of pregnancy and childbearing is not an illness but an essential aspect of human life and every person born is vulnerable to various diseases and health conditions there will continue to be a demand for MNCH services by all societies. Even if the health status of women and children continues to improve throughout the world or even improves substantially for a while this does not necessarily mean that there will no longer be maternal newborn and child health issues to address at many levels. Regardless of the time scale and the level of development of the society MNCH services need to be provided to all of the women and children Infant Mortality Rate in 2010 101 No Data Source http www.unicef.org publications files SOWC_2012-Main_Report_EN_13Mar2012.pdf Infant Mortality Rate per 1 000 live births 10 11 50 51 100 in present and future generations. It
