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A first critical step in developing a comprehensive safety and health program is to identify physical and health hazards in the workplace. This process is known as a "hazard assessment." Potential hazards may be physical or health-related and a compre- hensive hazard assessment should identify hazards in both categories. Examples of physical hazards include moving objects, fluctuating temperatures, high intensity lighting, rolling or pinching objects, electrical connections and sharp edges. Examples of health hazards include overexposure to harmful dusts, chemicals or radiation | FINAL REPORT ON THE INDIAN CAPITAL GOODS INDUSTRY INDIAN MINING CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT INDUSTRY BACKGROUND HISTORICAL TRENDS Construction and mining equipment cover a variety of machinery such as hydraulic excavators wheel loaders backhoe loaders bull dozers dump trucks tippers graders pavers asphalt drum I wet mix plants breakers vibratory compactors cranes fork lifts dozers off-highway dumpers 20T to 170T drills scrapers motor graders rope shovels etc. They perform a variety of functions like preparation of ground excavation haulage of material dumpingIlaying in specified manner material handling road construction etc. These equipment are required for both construction and mining activity. With a wide production capacity base India is perhaps the only developing country which is totally self-reliant in such highly sophisticated equipment. India has only a few mainly medium and large companies in the organized sector who manufacture these. The technology barriers are high especially with respect to mining equipment and therefore the role of SME s is restricted to manufacture of components and some sub-assemblies. Prior to the 1960s domestic requirements of mining and construction equipment were entirely met by imports. Domestic production began in 1964 with the setting up of Bharat Earthmovers Ltd. BEML a public sector unit of the Ministry of Defence at Kolar in South India to manufacture dozers dumpers graders scrapers etc. for defence requirements under licence from LeTorneau Westinghouse USA and Komatsu Japan. In the private sector the Hindustan Motors Earthmoving Equipment Division was established in 1969 at Tiruvallur near Chennai with technical collaboration from Terex UK for manufacture of wheel loaders dozers dumpers. This factory has since been taken over by Caterpillar for their Indian operations. The machines manufactured by Caterpillar in the Tiruvallur factory are marketed by TIL and GMMCO. In 1974 L T started manufacturing hydraulic excavators under
