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Suppose that p is a statement that is logically true. What is its truth set? Now p is logically true if and only if it is true in every logically possible case, so that the truth set of p must be U. Similarly, if p is logically false, then it is false for every logically possible case, so that its truth set is the empty set ∅. Finally, let us consider the implication relation. Recall that p im- plies p if and only if the conditional p → q is logically true. But p → q is logically true if and only if its truth set is. | ISAT Sample Book 2011 Standards . Achievement Test GRADE 8 Sample Items for Reading and Mathematics ILLINOIS STATE BOARD OF EDUCATION Copyright 2010 Illinois State Board of Education. All rights reserved. This publication may be reproduced or transmitted by downloading and printing for the purpose of practice testing and not for distribution or resale. Portions of this work were previously published. Stanford Achievement Test Tenth Edition sample items used with permission of NCS Pearson Inc. They Put the Flavor in What You Eat by Seth Stern. Reproduced with permission from the July 2 2002 issue of the Christian Science Monitor www.csmonitor.com KidSpace at http www.csmonitor.com 2002 0702 p18s04-hfks.html accessed April 2 2007 . Copyright 2002 The Christian Science Monitor. All rights reserved. Photograph of Flavorists in laboratory courtesy of International Flavors Fragrances Inc. and used by permission. 2011 ISAT Grade 8 Sample Book Table of Contents Introduction.5 READING Structure of the Grade 8 Reading ISAT.7 Item Formats.7 Reading Sessions.7 Shorter Passage Followed by Multiple-Choice Sample Items.8 Answer Key with Assessment Objectives Identified .11 Longer Passage Followed by Multiple-Choice Sample Items.12 Answer Key with Assessment Objectives Identified .18 Extended-Response Sample Item .19 Extended-Response Scoring Rubric.21 Annotated Extended-Response Student Samples.23 MATHEMATICS Structure of the Grade 8 Mathematics ISAT.36 Item Formats.36 Answer Document for Grade 8 Mathematics ISAT.36 Mathematics Sessions.37 Calculator Use for Grade 8 Mathematics ISAT.37 Rulers for Grade 8 Mathematics ISAT.37 Scratch Paper for Grade 8 Mathematics ISAT.37 Reference Sheet for Grade 8 Mathematics ISAT.38 Multiple-Choice Sample Items.39 Answer Key with Assessment Objectives Identified .55 Short-Response Scoring Rubric.58 Using Short-Response Samples.59 Blank Short-Response Template .60 Short-Response Sample Items and Annotated Student Samples.61 Extended-Response .
