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(BQ) Part 2 book "Diagnostic imaging gastrointestinal" presents the following contents: Spleen (normal variants and artifacts, congenital, congenital,.), liver (congenital, infection, metabolic or inherited,.), biliary system (normal variants and artifacts, congenital, vascular disorders,.), pancreas (degenerative, treatment related, malignant neoplasms,.). | SECTION 8 Introduction and Overview Imaging Approach to the Spleen Normal Variants and Artifacts Accessory Spleen Congenital Asplenia and Polysplenia Infection Splenic Infection and Abscess Degenerative Splenomegaly and Hypersplenism Vascular Disorders Splenic Infarction Trauma Splenic Trauma Splenosis Benign Neoplasms Splenic Cyst Primary Splenic Tumors Malignant Neoplasms Splenic Metastases and Lymphoma 544 548 550 554 558 562 566 570 572 574 578 Imaging Approach to the Spleen Spleen Embryology Anatomy and Physiology The spleen develops from the dorsal mesogastrium and usually rotates to the left becoming fixed in the left subphrenic location by peritoneal reflections linking it to the diaphragm abdominal wall stomach gastrosplenic ligament and kidney splenorenal ligament . It usually develops as 1 fused mass of tissue but variations are common. One or more accessory spleens are found in up to 30 of the general population usually small spherical structures near the splenic hilum. These can enlarge especially following splenectomy and may simulate a neoplastic mass or cause recurrence of hematologic disease. The spleen may be congenitally absent asplenia or have many unfused components polysplenia . These are rare splenic anomalies and are associated with cardiovascular anomalies situs inversus and other anomalies often with serious and even life-threatening consequences. The spleen is rarely on a long mesentery and may be found in any abdominal or pelvic location wandering spleen placing it at risk for trauma and torsion with infarction. The spleen is the largest lymphatic organ the size of which varies among individuals and even in the same person by blood volume state of nutrition and hydration. The usual volume range is 100-250 cm3 with a mean of 150 cm3. A calculated splenic index length x width x breadth over 480 cm3 is considered splenomegaly. The average length is up to 12 cm with a width and breadth of 7 and 4 cm respectively. Imaging Issues The spleen .
