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Crumble and pelleted feeds are usually best, because waterfowl waste feed, especially when it is ground into mash. During the first 3 weeks, feed a 22-percent protein starter ration; then change to a 16-percent protein grower feed. Avoid digestive problems by feeding some grit 1 week before allowing access to green fibrous plants. After 8 to 12 weeks of age, geese and ducks will eat very limited supplemental grain. Most breeders feed a mixture of about 40 percent corn and 60 percent oats until breeding season. Breeding waterfowl require only a 15-percent protein diet. Allow 6 linear inches of feeder. | PUBLICATION 8162 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources http anrcatalog.ucdavis.edu REVIEWED Common Lice and Mites of Poultry Identification and Treatment BRIGID MCCREA Post-Doctoral Employee Department of Animal Science UC Davis JOAN S. JEFFREY former Extension Poultry Veterinarian University of California Davis RALPH A. ERNST Extension Poultry Specialist Emeritus UC Davis and ALEC C. GERRY Assistant Veterinary Entomologist and Extension Specialist UC Riverside. Lice and mites are common poultry pests. They feed on the blood feathers skin or scales of the bird. Heavy infestations can result in poor poultry health reduced growth and egg production and even the death of birds. Correct identification of the specific louse or mite pest is important to selecting an appropriate treatment regimen. COMMON POULTRY LICE Lice are small mostly between 1 and 6 mm 0.04 to 0.24 in long wingless strawcolored insects with a somewhat flattened appearance and in most cases an elongated abdomen the hindmost body segment . All poultry lice have chewing mouthparts and feed on dry skin scales scab tissue and feather parts. They also feed on blood when the host bird s skin or feather quills are punctured. Lice are commonly found on both the skin and feathers and can move from one bird to another when birds are kept in close contact. The louse s eggs nits usually are attached to the feathers. Lice are ectoparasites and spend their entire life on an animal host. Most louse species are host specific meaning that they can feed on only one or a few closely related species of animal hosts. Poultry lice cannot survive on humans or on our nonbird domestic pets. In fact a poultry louse generally completes its entire life cycle from egg to adult on a single bird and will die within a few days to a week if separated from a host. The number of lice on poultry tend to be greatest during the autumn and winter. Poultry lice are not known to transmit any avian pathogens .
