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Chapter 2 give students an idea of what a programming language is. We try to give students an idea of the work done to translate a high-level programing language into an executable program. Lecture also describes in extreme detail the steps needed to run a compiler. Four specific compilers, Borland-C++, Microsoft Visual C++ .NET, GNU’s g++, and a generic UNIX CC compiler, are described. | Chapter - 2 The Basics of Programming Practical C Programming Copyright 2003 O Reilly and Associates Page1 What is a program A program is a set of instructions that a computer or someone else follows. We have programs in English. But English is a lousy language when it comes to writing exact instructions. The language is full of ambiguity and imprecision. Grace Hopper the grand old lady of computing once commented on the instructions she found on a bottle of shampoo Wash Rinse Repeat She tried to follow the directions but she ran out of shampoo. WashRinse-Repeat. Wash-Rinse-Repeat. Wash-Rinse-Repeat. Practical C Programming Copyright 2003 O Reilly and Associates Page2 Machine and Assembly Language When computers cost millions and programmers cost 15 000 a year people programed in machine language 1010 1111 0011 0111 0111 0110 . and so for several hundred instructions Later they devised a translator called an assembler so they could program in assembly language. Program MOV A 47 ADD A B HALT 01 . and so Translation 1010 1111 0011 0111 11 0110 for several hundred instructions Practical C Programming Copyright 2003 O Reilly and Associates .
