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At higher temperatures, developed economies face a growing risk of large-scale shocks - for example, the rising costs of extreme weather events could affect global financial markets through higher and more volatile costs of insurance. Integrated assessment models provide a tool for estimating the total impact on the economy; our estimates suggest that this is likely to be higher than previously suggested. The second approach to examining the risks and costs of climate change adopted in the Review is to use integrated assessment models to provide aggregate monetary estimates. . | REPUBLIC OF RWANDA MINISTRY OF FINANCE AND ECONOMIC PLANNING RWANDA VISION 2020 Kigali July 2000 Table of Contents FOREWORD.Error Bookmark not defined. 1. Introduction.3 2. Current situation and the challenges.4 2.1. Historical Perspective.4 2.2. Major challenges facing Rwanda today.5 3. Major Objectives of Vision 2020.9 3.1. The Short Term Promotion of macroeconomic stability and wealth creation to.9 reduce aid dependency.9 3.2. The Medium Term Transforming from an agrarian to a knowledge-based economy . 9 3.3. Long Term Creating a productive middle class and fostering entrepreneurship.11 4. The Pillars of Vision 2020. 11 4.1. Good Governance and a Capable State.12 4.2. Human Resource Development and a Knowledge-based economy.13 4.3. Private Sector-led Development.15 4.4. Infrastructure Development.15 4.5. Productive high value and market oriented agriculture.18 4.6. Regional and International Integration.19 5. Cross-cutting issues of VISION 2020.19 5.1. Gender Equality.19 5.2. Natural Resources and the environment.19 5.3. Science Technology and ICT.20 6. The Road Map.21 6.1. Rwanda s Planning Process and the realisation of VISION 2020.21 6.2. Financing of Vision 2020 Macroeconomic assumptions and projections.23 Conclusion. 25 Annexes.25 Annex 1 Key indicators of the Rwandan Vision 2020.25 Annex 2 The role of the State in Rwanda in a historical perspective.27 2 1. Introduction How do Rwandans envisage their future What kind of society do they want to become How can they construct a united and inclusive Rwandan identity What are the transformations needed to emerge from a deeply unsatisfactory social and economic situation These are the main questions Rwanda Vision 2020 addresses. This Vision is a result of a national consultative process that took place in Village Urugwiro in 1998-99. There was broad consensus on the necessity for Rwandans to clearly define the future of the country. This process provided the basis upon which this Vision was developed. Today .
