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Taxes can affect investment not only through the income and substitution effects related to saving, but also through a risk-taking effect. The capital gains tax rate has been singled out as being important to investment. For risk-averse investors, the capital gains tax could act as insurance for risky investments by reducing the losses as well as the gains—it decreases the variability of investment returns. 27 Consequently, a rise in the capital gains top rate could increase investment because of reduced risk. The bottom charts in Figure 3 show the observed relation between the private fixed investment ratio (investment divided by potential. | USAID FROM THE AMERICAN PEOPLE A GUIDE TO ECONOMIC GROWTH IN POST-CONFLICT COUNTRIES January 2009 Office of Economic Growth Bureau for Economic Growth Agriculture and Trade U.S. Agency for International Development USAID RWANDAN FARMERS PRODUCE HIGH QUALITY COFFEE THROUGH THE BRINGTO COOPERATIVE WHICH BENEFITED FROM USAID ASSISTANCE. USAID RWANDA A GUIDE TO ECONOMIC GROWTH IN POST-CONFLICT .