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However, police and jails would be unnecessary if such attitudes always prevailed. Rationality implied that some individuals become criminals be- cause of the financial rewards from crime compared to legal work, taking account of the likelihood of apprehension and conviction, and the severity of punishment. The amount of crime is determined not only by the rationality and preferences of would-be criminals, but also by the economic and social environment created by public policies, including expenditures on police, punishments for different crimes, and opportunities for employment, schooling, and training programs. Clearly, the type of legal jobs available as well as law, order, and punishment are an integral part of the economic approach. | Nigeria Nigeria s growth averaged 7.4 over the past decade and should be 6.9 in 2012. The country must tackle dilapidated infrastructure and over-dependence on oil and gas. Unemployment is very high more than 60 of the population lives below the poverty line. Overview Nigeria s economic growth has averaged about 7.4 annually over the past decade and remained robust in 2011 at 6.9 driven by the non-oil sector particularly telecommunications construction wholesale and retail trade hotel and restaurant services manufacturing and agriculture. Growth is projected at 6.9 and 6.6 in 2012 and 2013 respectively. The government is expected to reach its target of getting inflation under 10 in 2013. The inflation rate fell from 13.7 in 2010 to 10.2 in 2011 following monetary policy tightening and the easing of food prices. Inflation is projected to ease to 10.1 in 2012 and 8.4 in 2013. The economic growth has not cut poverty nor created necessary jobs. About two thirds of the population lives on less than 1 US dollar USD per day and the unemployment rate in 2011 was 23.9 up from 21.1 in 2010. Unemployment in the 15-24 age group was 37.7 and for 25-44 years 22.4 . The government has introduced youth job creation initiatives. A major challenge for the economy is the dilapidated state of infrastructure and the over-dependence on the oil and gas industry. These are on the government s priority list. The authorities are trying to get the private sector involved in infrastructure development and to develop the non-oil sector. The results of the African Development Bank s 2011 Country Policy and Institutional Assessment show that Nigeria has undertaken important reforms particularly in public financial management to improve efficiency in resource allocation and project and programme implementation. Corruption however is widespread. The government has made concerted efforts to fight corruption especially through the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission and Independent Corruption .
