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Kristiina JOKINEN University of Helsinki and Kari KANTO This paper describes the user expertise model in AthosMail, a mobile, speech-based e-mail system. The model encodes the system’s assumptions about the user expertise, and gives recommendations on how the system should respond depending on the assumed competence levels of the user. The recommendations are realized as three types of explicitness in the system responses. The system monitors the user’s competence with the help of parameters that describe e.g. the success of the user’s interaction with the system. . | User Expertise Modelling and Adaptivity in a Speech-based E-mail System Kristiina JOKINEN University of Helsinki and University of Art and Design Helsinki Hameentie 135C 00560 Helsinki kj okinen@uiah.f i Abstract This paper describes the user expertise model in AthosMail a mobile speech-based e-mail system. The model encodes the system s assumptions about the user expertise and gives recommendations on how the system should respond depending on the assumed competence levels of the user. The recommendations are realized as three types of explicitness in the system responses. The system monitors the user s competence with the help of parameters that describe e.g. the success of the user s interaction with the system. The model consists of an online and an offline version the former taking care of the expertise level changes during the same session the latter modelling the overall user expertise as a function of time and repeated interactions. 1 Introduction Adaptive functionality in spoken dialogue systems is usually geared towards dealing with communication disfluencies and facilitating more natural interaction e.g. Danieli and Gerbino 1995 Litman and Pan 1999 Krahmer et al 1999 Walker et al 2000 . In the AthosMail system Turunen et al. 2004 the focus has been on adaptivity that addresses the user s expertise levels with respect to a dialogue system s functionality and allows adaptation to take place both online and between the sessions. The main idea is that while novice users need guidance it would be inefficient and annoying for experienced users to be forced to listen to the same instructions every time they use the system. For instance already Smith 1993 observed that it is safer for beginners to be closely guided by the Kari KANTO University of Art and Design Helsinki Hameentie 135C 00560 Helsinki kanto@uiah.fi system while experienced users like to take the initiative which results in more efficient dialogues in terms of decreased average completion time and
