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Assurance technology: Develop a sound scientific and technological basis, including formal methods and computational frameworks, for assured design, construction, analysis, evaluation, and implementation of reliable, robust, safe, secure, stable, and certifiably dependable systems regardless of size, scale, complexity, and heterogeneity; develop software and system engineering tool capabilities to achieve application and problem domain-based assurance, and broadly embed these capabilities within the system engineering process; reduce the effort, time, and cost of assurance (“affordable” verification and validation [V&V]/certification); provide a technology base of advanced- prototype implementations of high-confidence technologies to spur adoption | Foundations and Trends in Databases Vol. 1 No. 2 2007 141-259 2007 J. M. Hellerstein M. Stonebraker and J. Hamilton DOI 10.1561 1900000002 new the essence of knowledge Architecture of a Database System Joseph M. Hellerstein1 Michael Stonebraker2 and James Hamilton3 1 University of California Berkeley USA hellerstein@cs.berkeley.edu 2 Massachusetts Institute of Technology USA 3 Microsoft Research USA Abstract Database Management Systems DBMSs are a ubiquitous and critical component of modern computing and the result of decades of research and development in both academia and industry. Historically DBMSs were among the earliest multi-user server systems to be developed and thus pioneered many systems design techniques for scalability and reliability now in use in many other contexts. While many of the algorithms and abstractions used by a DBMS are textbook material there has been relatively sparse coverage in the literature of the systems design issues that make a DBMS work. This paper presents an architectural discussion of DBMS design principles including process models parallel architecture storage system design transaction system implementation query processor and optimizer architectures and typical shared components and utilities. Successful commercial and open-source systems are used as points of reference particularly when multiple alternative designs have been adopted by different groups. 1 Introduction Database Management Systems DBMSs are complex mission-critical software systems. Today s DBMSs embody decades of academic and industrial research and intense corporate software development. Database systems were among the earliest widely deployed online server systems and as such have pioneered design solutions spanning not only data management but also applications operating systems and networked services. The early DBMSs are among the most influential software systems in computer science and the ideas and implementation issues pioneered for DBMSs are widely
