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Part 2 book "Fundamentals of spun yarn technology" content presentation: Yarn formation structure and properties, the principles of package winding, yarn tensions and balloon geometry in ring spinning and winding, fancy yarn production. | 6 Yarn Formation Structure and Properties 6.1 SPINNING SYSTEMS There is an extensive range of different spinning systems not all of which are in wide commercial use many are still experimental or having reached the commercial stage have been withdrawn from the market. A classification of the better known spinning systems is given Table 6.1 in which the various techniques are grouped according to five basic methods. In the first section of this chapter we will consider the fundamental principles of these listed spinning systems. In the sections that follow we will deal with the yarn structure and properties of only those that still have commercial significance. Often two or more yarns are twisted together to improve yarn properties or to overcome subsequent processing difficulties in for example weaving and knitting. The operating principles of the more common plying systems will also be described in this section. The conventional ring spinning technique is currently the most widely used accounting for an estimated 90 of the world market for spinning machines. The remaining systems in Table 6.1 are often referred to as unconventional spinning processes and of these rotor spinning has the largest market share. The more knowledgeable reader will notice that mule and cap spinning have been omitted. Although in commercial use these two processes are very dated traditional systems limited to a very small market segment and well described elsewhere.1 2 Important aspects of any spinning system are the fiber types that can be spun the count range the economics of the process and very importantly the suitability of the resulting yarn structure to a wide range of end uses. Except for the twistless-felting technique all of the systems listed in Table 6.1 will spin man-made fibers but because of processing difficulties and or economic factors the commercial spinning of 100 cotton yarns is mainly performed on ring and rotor spinning. Wool is principally ring spun the main reason
