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Many home computer users currently connect to the Inter- net through dial-up, ADSL, cable or other services that as- sign them new IP addresses constantly anywhere from every couple of hours to every couple of days. This af- fects our estimation of number of hosts involved in each spam campaign. We correct this by estimating how dy- namic each IP address is, and compensate by merging some dynamic IP addresses with other IP addresses in the same spam campaign. The problem of IP dynamics was rst presented and studied in [18]. However, we are not able to directly use their results because our application requires a different set of parameters. We. | Towards Street-Level Client-Independent IP Geolocation Yong Wang UESTC Northwestern University Daniel Burgener Marcel Flores Northwestern University Northwestern University Aleksandar Kuzmanovic Cheng Huang Northwestern University Microsoft Research Abstract A highly accurate client-independent geolocation service stands to be an important goal for the Internet. Despite an extensive research effort and significant advances in this area this goal has not yet been met. Motivated by the fact that the best results to date are achieved by utilizing additional hints beyond iihrerenlly inaccurate delay-based measurements we propose a novel geolocation method that fundamentally escalates the use of external information. In particular many entities e.g. businesses universities institutions host their Web services locally and provide their actual geographical location on their Websites. We demonstrate that the information provided in this way when combined with network measurements represents a precious geolocation resource. Our methodology automatically extracts verifies utilizes and opportunistically inflates such Web-based information to achieve high accuracy. Moreover it overcomes many of the fundamental inaccuracies encountered in the use of absolute delay measurements. We demonstrate that our system can geolocate IP addresses 50 times more accurately than the best previous system i.e. it achieves a median error distance of 690 meters on the corresponding data set. 1 Introduction Determining the geographic location of an Internet host is valuable for a number of Internet applications. For example it simplifies network management in large-scale systems helps network diagnoses and enables locationbased advertising services 17 24 . While coarse-grained geolocation e.g. at the state- or city-level is sufficient in a number of contexts 19 the need for a highly accurate and reliable geolocation service has been identified as an important goal for the Internet e.g. 17 . Such a
