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A novel elicitor that induces chitinases in tobacco BY-2 cells was isolated from Alternaria alternata102. Six other fungi, includingA. alternataIFO 6587, could not induce, or weakly induce chitinase activity. The purified elicitor was soluble in 75% methanol and showed the chitinase-inducing activity when applied at concentrations of as low as 25 ngÆmL )1 . | ềFEBS Journal Novel p-1 3- 1 6-oligoglucan elicitor from Alternaria alternata 102 for defense responses in tobacco Tomonori Shinya1 2 Rozenn Menard3 Ikuko Kozone1 Hideaki Matsuoka1 Naoto Shibuya4 Serge Kauffmann3 Ken Matsuoka2 and Mikako Saito1 1 Department of Biotechnology and Life Science Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Koganei Japan 2 RIKEN Plant Science Center Yokohama Japan 3 Institut de Biologie Moleculaire des Plantes du Centre Nationalde la Recherche Scientifique Universite Louis Pasteur Strasbourg France 4 Department of Life Sciences Faculty of Agriculture Meiji University Kawasaki Japan Keywords Alternaria alternata BY-2 cells chitinase elicitor b-1 3- 1 6-glucan Correspondence M. Saito Department of Biotechnology and Life Science Faculty of Technology Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Koganei Tokyo 184-8588 Japan Fax 81 42 387 1503 Tel. 81 42 388 7400 E-mail mikako@cc.tuat.ac.jp Received 13 January 2006 revised 23 March 2006 accepted 28 March 2006 doi 10.1111 j.1742-4658.2006.05249.x A novel elicitor that induces chitinases in tobacco BY-2 cells was isolated from Alternaria alternata 102. Six other fungi including A. alternata IFO 6587 could not induce or weakly induce chitinase activity. The purified elicitor was soluble in 75 methanol and showed the chitinase-inducing activity when applied at concentrations of as low as 25 ng-mL-1. Structural determination by methylation analysis reducing-end analysis MALDI-TOF MS and NMR spectroscopy indicated that the elicitor was a mixture of b-1 3- 1 6-oligoglucans mostly with a degree of polymerization of between 8 and 17. Periodate oxidation of the elicitor suggested that the 1.6- linked and nonreducing terminal residues are essential for the elicitor activity. Further analysis of the elicitor responses in BY-2 cells indicated that the activity of this b-1 3- 1 6-glucan elicitor was about 1000 times more potent than that of laminarin which is a known elicitor of defense responses in .
