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Stains caused by dental materials are not uncommon (Figure 7-6).Among the discolorants found in dental materials, metallic ions are considered to be the most difficult to bleach.The metallic corrosion products may lead to a dark gray or black appearance that will be visible through the remaining tooth structure, including the root structure (Figures 7-12 and 7-13).The severity of discoloration and the success of bleaching depend upon the amount of metallic ions penetrating the dentinal tubules.Although the severity cannot be determined prior to the treatment, bleaching should be attempted first. It may be necessary to remove the stained tooth structure mechanically and follow with the restoration. | 489 British Journal of Psychology 2004 95 489-508 2004 The British Psychological Society www.bps.org.uk A model of aesthetic appreciation and aesthetic judgments Helmut Leder1 2 Benno Belke1 Andries Oeberst1 and Dorothee Augustin1 1Freie Universitat Berlin Institute of Psychology Germany 2Universitat Wien Austria Although aesthetic experiences are frequent in modern life there is as of yet no scientifically comprehensive theory that explains what psychologically constitutes such experiences. These experiences are particularly interesting because of their hedonic properties and the possibility to provide self-rewarding cognitive operations. We shall explain why modern art s large number of individualized styles innovativeness and conceptuality offer positive aesthetic experiences. Moreover the challenge of art is mainly driven by a need for understanding. Cognitive challenges of both abstract art and other conceptual complex and multidimensional stimuli require an extension of previous approaches to empirical aesthetics. We present an information-processing stage model of aesthetic processing. According to the model aesthetic experiences involve five stages perception explicit classification implicit classification cognitive mastering and evaluation. The model differentiates between aesthetic emotion and aesthetic judgments as two types of output. Psychology of aesthetic appreciation Our aim in this article is to explain why people are attracted by art. We give an answer from a psychological perspective with special interest paid to psychologically relevant features of art especially modern art. We discuss how cognitive processing of art produces affective often positive and self-rewarding aesthetic experiences. We propose a model that represents different processing stages as well as important variables that are involved in aesthetic experiences. We aim to understand the art-specific cognitive experiences that give art such a prominent position in human culture and
