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Tham khảo tài liệu 'mandarin chinese a functional reference grammar phần 1', ngoại ngữ, ngữ pháp tiếng anh phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | MANDARIN CHINESE A Functional Reference Grammar Charles N. Li and Sandra A. Thompson UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS Berkeley Los Angeles London University of California Press Berkeley and Los Angeles California University of California Press Ltd. London England Copyright 1981 by The Regents of the University of California First Paperback Printing 1989 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Date Li Charles N. 1940- Mandarin Chinese. Bibliography p. 677 Includes index. I. Chinese language Grammar. 1. Thompson Sandra A. joint author. II. Title. PL1107.L5 1981 495.1 82421 80-6054 ISBN 0-520-04286-7 cloth ISBN 0-520-06610-3 PBK Printed in the United States of America 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 PBK The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials ANSI Z39.48-1984. @ Contents Preface to the Paperback Edition xiii Preface xvii Conventions Used in Examples xix Abbreviations xxiii 1 Introduction Ỉ Í. 1 The Chinese Language Family 2 1.2 The Phonology of Mandarin 3 Ỉ.2.1 Initials 3 1.2.2 Finals 6 1.2.3 Tones 6 1.2.4 Phonetic Effects of the Retroflex Suffix 9 2 Typological Description 10 2.1 The Structural Complexity of Words Mandarin as an Isolating Language 10 2.1.1 Morphemes Occurring with Nouns 11 2.1.2 Morphemes Occurring with Verbs 12 2.2 Monosyllabicity The Number of Syllables per Word 13 2.3 Topic Prominence 15 2.4 Word Order 16 2.4.1 The Word Order Typology 16 2.4.2 Word Order in Mandarin .
