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Abnormal reproductive development in males has been linked to environmen- tal contaminant exposure in a wide variety of vertebrates. These include humans, rodent models, and a large number of comparative wildlife species. In human males, abnormal reproductive development can manifest as a suite of symptoms, described collectively as testicular dysgenesis syndrome (TDS). TDS is also described as demasculinization or feminization of the male phenotype. The suite includes cryptorchidism, in situ germ cell carcinoma of the testis and overt testicular cancer, reduced semen quality, and hypospadias. In this paper, we review examples of TDS among comparative species. Wildlife exposed to environmental contaminants are susceptible to some of the same developmen- tal. | www.ifrc.org Saving lives changing minds. DREF final report Kenya Floods rvs International Federation A of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies DREF operation n MDRKE020 GLIDE n FF-2011-000184-KEN 20 December 2012 The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent IFRC Disaster Relief Emergency Fund DREF is a source of un-earmarked money created by the Federation in 1985 to ensure that immediate financial support is available for Red Cross Red Crescent response to emergencies. The DREF is a vital part of the International Federation s disaster response system and increases the ability of National Societies to respond to disasters. Summary CHF 300 003 was allocated from the IFRC s Disaster Relief Emergency Fund DREF on 12 December 2011 to support the Kenya Red Cross Society KRCS in delivering assistance to some 3 500 households 21 000 beneficiaries affected by floods. Support included provision of non food items NFIs improving access to safe water and undertaking emergency health interventions in flood affected areas. The funds received were also utilized to replenish disaster preparedness stocks as the society had already begun responding to the disaster prior to the launching of the DREF request. KRCS staff and volunteers deliver NFI kits to the Coast region. PHOTO KRCS KRCS collaborated with relevant stakeholders such as the Kenya Police Air Wing and the National Disaster Operations Centre NDOC throughout the project in order to respond swiftly to the needs of the affected people in different parts of the country. Funds received under this DREF enabled the society to carry out rapid and continuous assessments in the affected regions distribute NFI kits including blankets jerry cans soap aqua tabs undertake health and WatSan interventions including chlorinating wells and latrines undertake health training sessions with community members and provide medical outreaches in target areas. The national society was able to purchase interagency health kits and .
