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The authors present the complete guide to ANSI standard C language programming. Written by the developers of C, this new version helps readers keep up with the finalized ANSI standard for C while showing how to take advantage of C's rich set of operators, economy of expression, improved control flow, and data structures. The 2/E has been completely rewritten with additional examples and problem sets to clarify the implementation of diff | 1 SECOND EDITION PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE BRIAN w KERN1GHAN DENNIS M. RITCHIE FFFNTKIF FALL KJ wỉ GỄMB 2 Preface.6 Preface to the first edition.8 Chapter 1 - A Tutorial Introduction.9 1.1 Getting Started.9 1.2 Variables and Arithmetic Expressions.11 1.3 The for statement.16 1.4 Symbolic Constants.17 1.5 Character Input and Output.18 1.5.1 File Copying.18 1.5.2 Character Counting.20 1.5.3 Line Counting.21 1.5.4 Word Counting.22 1.6 Arrays . 23 1.7 Functions.25 1.8 Arguments - Call by Value.28 1.9 Character Arrays.29 1.10 External Variables and Scope.31 Chapter 2 - Types Operators and Expressions.35 2.1 Variable Names.35 2.2 Data Types and Sizes.35 2.3 Constants.36 2.4 Declarations.39 2.5 Arithmetic Operators.40 2.6 Relational and Logical Operators.40 2.7 Type Conversions.41 2.8 Increment and Decrement Operators.44 2.9 Bitwise Operators.46 2.10 Assignment Operators and Expressions.47 2.11 Conditional Expressions.49 2.12 Precedence and Order of Evaluation.49 Chapter 3 - Control Flow.52 3.1 Statements and Blocks.52 3.2 If-Else.52 3.3 Else-If. 53 3.4 Switch.54 3.5 Loops - While and For.56 3.6 Loops - Do-While.58 3.7 Break and Continue.59 3.8 Goto and labels.60 Chapter 4 - Functions and Program Structure.62 4.1 Basics of Functions.62 4.2 Functions Returning Non-integers.65 4.3 External Variables.67 4.4 Scope Rules.72 4.5 Header Files.73 4.6 Static Variables.75 4.7 Register Variables.75 4.8 Block Structure.76 4.9 Initialization.76 4.10 Recursion.78 4.11 The C Preprocessor.79 3 4.11.1 File Inclusion.79 4.11.2 Macro Substitution.80 4.11.3 Conditional Inclusion.82 Chapter 5 - Pointers and Arrays.83 5.1 Pointers and Addresses.83 5.2 Pointers and Function Arguments.84 5.3 Pointers and Arrays.87 5.4 Address Arithmetic.90 5.5 Character Pointers and Functions.93 5.6 Pointer Arrays Pointers to Pointers.96 5.7 Multi-dimensional Arrays.99 5.8 Initialization of Pointer Arrays.101 5.9 Pointers vs. Multi-dimensional Arrays.101 5.10 Command-line Arguments.102 5.11 Pointers to Functions.106
