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The Baldrige, TPS, and the clinical practice guidelines suggest the importance of focused institutional self-assessment, understanding school and district operations as a production process, being able to develop and apply a knowledge base about effective practice, and empowering participants in the | ORGANIZATIONAL IMPROVEMENT ACCOUNTABILITY LESSONS FOR EDUCATION FROM OTHER SECTORS Brian Stecher and Sheila Nataraj Kirby EDITORS Prepared for The William and Flora Hewlett Foundation RAND EDUCATION The research described in this report was prepared for The William and Flora Hewlett Foundation by RAND Education. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Organizational improvement and accountability lessons for education from other sectors Brian Stecher . et al. . p. cm. Mg-136. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 0-8330-3500-2 paperback 1. Educational accountability United States. 2. School management and organization United States. 3. Organizational effectiveness Evaluation. I. Stecher Brian M. II. Rand Corporation. LB2806.22.O74 2004 379.1 58 dc22 2003024743 The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit research organization providing objective analysis and effective solutions that address the challenges facing the public and private sectors around the world. RAND s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors. RAND is a registered trademark. Cover design by Peter Soriano Copyright 2004 RAND Corporation All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by any electronic or mechanical means including photocopying recording or information storage and retrieval without permission in writing from RAND. Published 2004 by the RAND Corporation 1700 Main Street P.O. Box 2138 Santa Monica CA 90407-2138 1200 South Hayes Street Arlington VA 22202-5050 201 North Craig Street Suite 202 Pittsburgh PA 15213-1516 RAND URL http www.rand.org To order RAND documents or to obtain additional information contact Distribution Services Telephone 310 451-7002 Fax 310 451-6915 Email order@rand.org Preface Educational accountability became the law of the land with the passage of the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001. As states rushed to develop accountability systems that met the requirements of the new law the Hewlett
