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Đánh giá sức khỏe hệ sinh thái biển - Các khái niệm và các chỉ số, với tham khảo Vịnh Fundy và Vịnh Maine, Tây Bắc Đại Tây Dương Vịnh Maine và Vịnh Fundy nằm ở Đại Tây Dương phía tây bắc, bao quanh bởi các tiểu bang Massachusetts, New Hampshire và Maine, các tỉnh New Brunswick và Nova Scotia, và trong vùng nước ven biển của các đại dương phụ biển các ngân hàng như Stellwagen, Georges, và Brown. Nó là một khu vực ven biển có năng suất cao, ghi nhận cho thủy sản phong phú của nó và. | CHAPTER 17 Assessing Marine Ecosystem Health Concepts and Indicators with Reference to the Bay of Fundy and Gulf of Maine Northwest Atlantic P.G. Wells 17.1 INTRODUCTION The Gulf of Maine and Bay of Fundy are located in the northwest Atlantic bounded by the states of Massachusetts New Hampshire and Maine the provinces of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia and in the coastal waters by various oceanic sub-sea banks such as Stellwagen Georges and Brown. It is a highly productive coastal area noted for its abundant fisheries and marine wildlife. It has sustained coastal peoples and communities before and after European settlement. The Gulf of Maine has been studied for over 100 years both inshore and offshore benefiting from the presence of numerous marine institutes and universities ringing its shores. It has an exceptionally long coastline many islands and receives numerous large rivers especially the Penobscot Kennebec and Merrimack. The Bay of Fundy is a large macrotidal embayment forming the northeastern arm of the larger Gulf of Maine. It is Copyright 2005 by Taylor Francis closely linked oceanographically to the Scotian Shelf and northwestern Atlantic and receives the inputs of 44 major rivers such as the Saint John Petitcodiac Avon and Annapolis countless smaller ones. It is bounded by two provinces with 1.5 to 2 million people is extensively used by the fishing shipping forestry aquaculture and ecotourism industries and has two moderately sized cities and many towns and villages along its shores. The Bay of Fundy is faced with a number of major issues 38 as counted at the first Fundy workshop in 1996 Percy et al. 1997 . The issues included contaminants and pathogens barriers on rivers sediments and coastal erosion climate change impacts of fisheries and aquaculture invasive species and species and habitat loss. The first workshop has led to five others Burt and Wells 1997 Ollerhead et al. 1999 Chopin and Wells 2001 Wells et al. 2004 Percy et al. 2005 in press all .
