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siêu âm cũng có thể hữu ích để đánh giá giải phẫu và chức năng hầu. Đồng bằng phim X-quang là không được chỉ định. Subglottic hẹp hẹp Subglottic có thể xảy ra bẩm sinh ở trẻ bị hội chứng Down là một kết quả của một thanh quản hẹp. | The chest and upper respiratory tract 33 apex. Fig. 4.3 Lateral soft tissue neck demonstrating large retropharyngeal abscess. Fig. 4.4 Chest radiograph demonstrating gas in a retropharyngeal abscess above the left 34 Paediatric Radiography ultrasound may also be useful to evaluate pharyngeal anatomy and function. Plain film radiography is NOT indicated. Subglottic stenosis Subglottic stenosis may occur congenitally in infants with Down s syndrome as a result of a narrow larynx. However it is seen more commonly as a consequence of prolonged endotracheal intubation in premature infants Figs 4.5 and 4.6 . Clinical symptoms include stridor and evidence of respiratory distress. Endoscopic evaluation is the investigation of choice and plain film radiography is NOT indicated. Croup acute infectious laryngotracheobronchitis Croup is a combination of stridor barking cough and respiratory distress as a result of upper airway obstruction and usually occurs as a consequence of a viral infection in children between the ages of 6 months and 3 years. A definitive diagnosis can normally be made following clinical examination and plain film radiography is NOT indicated. a Fig. 4.5 a and b Subglottic stenosis. Note the typical wine bottle -shaped airway on antero-posterior AP projection. The chest and upper respiratory tract 35 Fig. 4.6 Sub-glottic stenosis following aggressive intubation. Epiglottitis Epiglottitis is an inflammatory condition of sudden onset and progression that presents in children between the ages of 2 and 7 years. The child will typically sit forward open mouthed and drooling and as this condition is a paediatric emergency should be transferred to a paediatric intensive care unit where investigative laryngoscopy will be undertaken to confirm the clinical diagnosis. Lateral neck radiographs are NOT indicated. The lower intra-thoracic airway Asthma Asthma is an umbrella term for a variety of paediatric chest conditions that result in a persistent or episodic .
