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Agrolandscape Sinh thái học trong thế kỷ 21 Một thế kỷ mới làm cho chúng tôi để phản ánh về những thành quả và các vấn đề của thế kỷ vừa qua và đặc biệt là những thách thức địa chỉ liên quan đến tương lai. Trong chương này, chúng tôi phác thảo chủ đề (có lẽ một số sẽ hạn các khu vực có vấn đề) mà các nhà sinh thái học, nông học, và các nhà hoạch định tài nguyên cần để địa chỉ bền vững nông nghiệp là trở thành một thực tế trong thế kỷ 21 | CHAPTER 15 Agrolandscape Ecology in the 21st Century Gary W. Barrett and Laura E. Skelton CONTENTS Nature as a Model System An Agrolandscape Perspective Reducing Eutrophication at the Landscape Scale Academic and Disciplinary Fragmentation Linking Urban-Industrial and Natural Life-Support Systems Conclusion Acknowledgments References A new century causes us to reflect on the accomplishments and problems of the past century and especially to address challenges regarding the future. In this chapter we outline five topics perhaps some would term them problem areas that ecologists agronomists and resource planners need to address if sustainable agriculture is to become a reality during the 21st century. As Albert Einstein once stated The significant problems we face cannot be solved at the same level of thinking we were at when we created them. We feel that it is imperative that new approaches be implemented to address agricultural problems and to create opportunities at greater temporal spatial scales. Barrett in press and Barrett and Odum 1998 term this new transdisciplinary approach integrative science. Goodland 1995 defined sustainability as maintaining natural capital. We suggest that the concept of sustainability can assist in the integration of ecology and agronomy. There have been several recent attempts to summarize the benefits supplied to human societies by natural ecosystems e.g. Daily et al. 1997 as well as attempts 2002 by CRC Press LLC to quantify the value of ecosystem services and natural capital on a large-scale basis e.g. Costanza et al. 1997 . These attempts lend evidence to our assertion that the time is right to consider and implement a new integrative approach to agriculture at the landscape scale. This chapter describes five guidelines to address this task. NATURE AS A MODEL SYSTEM Natural ecosystems have endured far longer than conventional agroecosystems have been in existence. Intensive-input agriculture as currently practiced in much of the
