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As Durban, South Africa, prepares for the 17th meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol in November this year, the world is recovering from a series of climate and environmental-related disasters, which have occurred over the past few years. The Indian Ocean tsunami, Hurricane Katrina, the Haiti earthquake, the New Zealand earthquake, the Japanese tsunami and nuclear crisis, among others, have killed and affected millions. At the same time, silent and slower disasters related to the effects of natural and anthropogenic climate and environmental changes are affecting billions – especially poor people who depend on the environment for their livelihood. Sudden disasters and slow-onset environmental changes have the potential to. | CONFLICT TRENDS ISSUE 2 2011 Aaccord Environment Climate Change and Conflict CONTENTS EDITORIAL FEATURES BOOK REVIEW 2 by Vasu Gounden 3 Climate Change-Conflict Nexus Framework for Policy-oriented Action by William Tsuma 9 Climate Conflicts in the Horn of Africa by Marcel Leroy and Fana Gebresenbet 16 Transboundary Rivers and Climate Change African and Asian Rivers by Ashok Swain and Florian Krampe 22 Key Social Vulnerabilities to Climate Change in South Africa s Coastal Zones The Potential for Conflict by Fathima Ahmed 29 Addressing Climate-related Conflict Human Security and Lessons from the Southern Sahelian Belt of Sudan by Salomé Bronkhorst 38 Addressing Charcoal Production Environmental Degradation and Communal Violence in Somalia The Use of Solar Cookers in Bander Beyla by Shukria Dini 46 Collusion and Criminalisation Fuel Conflict in the Niger Delta by Melissa Cawthra 55 Climate Change in Africa by Maxwell G. Hardy conflict trends I 1 EDITORIAL BY VASU GOUNDEN As Durban South Africa prepares for the 17th meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol in November this year the world is recovering from a series of climate and environmental-related disasters which have occurred over the past few years. The Indian Ocean tsunami Hurricane Katrina the Haiti earthquake the New Zealand earthquake the Japanese tsunami and nuclear crisis among others have killed and affected millions. At the same time silent and slower disasters related to the effects of natural and anthropogenic climate and environmental changes are affecting billions - especially poor people who depend on the environment for their livelihood. Sudden disasters and slow-onset environmental changes have the potential to trigger conflicts especially in situations where people are already vulnerable and where the socio-economic political and cultural context exacerbates existing tensions. Water security is a related -and perhaps one of the most serious - strategic issues of our time. .
