Đang chuẩn bị nút TẢI XUỐNG, xin hãy chờ
Tải xuống
Sự hiểu biết và sử dụng đánh giá rủi ro môi trường đã phát triển nhanh chóng kể từ khi Hội đồng Nghiên cứu Quốc gia (NRC) đã thành lập các nguyên tắc của nó hướng dẫn (NRC 1983). Như đã nêu trong Chương 2, lần đầu tiên NRC xác định và mô tả bốn bước đánh giá rủi ro môi trường, cụ thể là, xác định mối nguy, đánh giá đáp ứng liều, đánh giá tiếp xúc, và đặc tính rủi ro. Việc sử dụng các thành phần này trong đánh giá rủi ro không khí trong nhà được. | CHAPTER 10 Future Directions in Risk Assessment David R. Patrick CONTENTS I. Introduction and Purpose II. Indoor Air Risk Assessment Research Programs A. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency B. Center for Indoor Air Research CIAR C. Other Organizations III. Indoor Air Risk Assessment Research Needs A. General Risk Assessment Research B. Indoor Air Risk Assessment Research IV. Directions in Risk Assessment Research Bibliography I. INTRODUCTION AND PURPOSE The understanding and use of environmental risk assessment has grown rapidly since the National Research Council NRC established its guiding principles NRC 1983 . As noted in Chapter 2 the NRC first identified and described the four steps of environmental risk assessment namely hazard identification dose-response assessment exposure assessment and risk characterization. The use of each of these components in indoor air risk assessments is discussed fully in Chapters 3 through 6. These chapters identify numerous areas of uncertainty in conducting risk assessments including variations in the models used variations in the inputs to the models inexact knowledge of the underlying science and natural variability. Chapter 7 considers more broadly the uncertainties of risk assessment and Chapter 8 describes measurement methods and results for indoor air pollutants. Substantial research is 1999 by CRC Press LLC either underway today or planned for the future that will address many of these subjects. The purpose of this chapter is to describe some of that research and project how its successful conclusion might alter the dimension and use of risk assessment to understand and benefit indoor air quality. II. INDOOR AIR RISK ASSESSMENT RESEARCH PROGRAMS A. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency The EPA research into indoor air pollution began in the late 1970s. For example the original TEAM Total Exposure Assessment Method studies sought to understand better the distinctions between outdoor and indoor air and they found that .
