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INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS HANDBOOK - PART 2

Công ước quốc tế, điều ước quốc tế, và các Hiệp định Giới thiệu về Kiểm soát môi trường quốc tế Tổng quan về Công ước quốc tế và các Hiệp định Mối quan hệ giữa thương mại quốc tế và điều khiển môi trường NEPA Ảnh hưởng môi trường quốc tế Điều khiển công cụ mới để cung cấp Tiên phong thực hiện Kết luận kiểm soát môi trường Viện Tài nguyên Thế giới (WRI) xuất bản một cuốn niên giám môi trường hàng năm trong đó mô tả ngắn gọn của một quốc gia và một mô tả ngắn gọn về. | Part II International Conventions Treaties and Agreements 1999 CRC Press LLC 2 An Introduction to International Environmental Controls CONTENTS An Overview of International Conventions and Agreements The Relationship Between International Trade and Environmental Controls NEPA Influence on International Environmental Controls New Tools for Providing Proactive Environmental Control Conclusion The World Resources Institute WRI publishes an annual environmental almanac in which a brief description of a country and a brief description of that country s environmental problems are listed. For instance the almanac noted that in Belgium even though water protection laws have been in effect since 1971 these laws have not stopped steel factories from pouring waste effluent into the Meuse River. The river is the source of drinking water for 5 million people yet it is highly polluted. The reason appears to be that the factories can afford to pay the penalties. Fines are so low that companies would rather pay them than treat their effluent adequately WRI 1994 . Indeed commitment to environmentally sound policy is as much a function of dollars as anything else. This is true in the United States. It is true in the international community. An examination of international environmental controls finds that the concerns and problems associated with finding solutions to environmental issues in the United States are essentially the same on an international level although more complex. Why The elements that often influence our ability to find solutions to environmental problems include geography politics economics and business. At the international level these elements take on greater significance. For example with regard to geography Will a country located in a temperate climactic region understand the needs of a tropical region For politics Which countries are in a better position to influence the behavior of other countries For economics Should a poor undeveloped country be expected .