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Current theories agree that there appears to be no unique feature responsi-ble for the remarkable heat stability properties of hyperthermostable pro-teins. A concerted action of structural, dynamic and other physicochemical attributes are utilized to ensure the delicate balance between stability and functionality of proteins at high temperatures. | ễFEBS Journal MINIREVIEW Hyperthermophilic enzymes - stability activity and implementation strategies for high temperature applications Larry D. Unsworth1 2 John van der Oost3 and Sotirios Koutsopoulos4 1 Department of Chemicaland Materials Engineering University of Alberta Edmonton Canada 2 NationalResearch Council - NationalInstitute for Nanotechnology University of Alberta Edmonton Canada 3 Laboratory of Microbiology Wageningen University the Netherlands 4 Center for BiomedicalEngineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA Keywords adsorption covalent bonding encapsulation genomic and proteomic considerations hyperthermostable enzymes ion pairs protein immobilization structural features Correspondence S. Koutsopoulos Center for Biomedical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology NE47-307 500 Technology Square Cambridge MA 02139-4307 USA Fax 1 617 258 5239 Tel 1 617 324 7612 E-mail sotiris@mit.edu Current theories agree that there appears to be no unique feature responsible for the remarkable heat stability properties of hyperthermostable proteins. A concerted action of structural dynamic and other physicochemical attributes are utilized to ensure the delicate balance between stability and functionality of proteins at high temperatures. We have thoroughly screened the literature for hyperthermostable enzymes with optimal temperatures exceeding 100 C that can potentially be employed in multiple biotechnological and industrial applications and to substitute traditionally used high-cost engineered mesophilic thermophilic enzymes that operate at lower temperatures. Furthermore we discuss general methods of enzyme immobilization and suggest specific strategies to improve thermal stability activity and durability of hyperthermophilic enzymes. Received 28 February 2007 accepted 11 May 2007 doi 10.1111 j.1742-4658.2007.05954.x Introduction In general it is agreed that living organisms can be grouped into four main categories as defined by the
