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the oxford essensial guide to writing phần 8

Tham khảo tài liệu 'the oxford essensial guide to writing phần 8', ngoại ngữ, ngữ pháp tiếng anh phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE 311 As London increased however rank and fashion rolled off to the west and trade creeping on at their heels took possession of their deserted abodes. Washington Irving Rank and fashion signify aristocratic Londoners trade designates the merchant class. These abstractions are personified by the verbs the aristocrats roll off elegantly in carriages the tradesmen creep in with the deference of self-conscious inferiors. The purpose of personification like that of metaphor generally is to explain expand vivify There is a rowdy strain in American life living close to the surface but running very deep. Like an ape behind a mask it can display itself suddenly with terrifying effect. It is slack-jawed with leering eyes and loose wet lips with heavy feet and ponderous cunning hands now and then when something tickles it it guffaws and when it is angry it snarls and it can be aroused more easily than it can be quieted. Mike Fink and Yankee Doodle helped to father it and Judge Lynch is one of its creations and when it comes lumbering forth it can make the whole country step in time to its own irregular pulse beat. Bruce Catton Catton s personification or perhaps animalification makes his point with extraordinary clarity and strength mindless savagery is no abstraction it is an ever-present menace. Allusions An allusion is a brief reference to a well-known person place or happening. Sometimes the reference is explicitly identified As it is I am like that man in The Pilgrim s Progress by some accounted man who the more he cast away the more he had. W.H. Hudson 312 DICTION More often the reference is indirect and the writer depends on the reader s recognizing the source and significance We Western peoples tend to have a Micawberish attitude toward life a feeling that so long as we do not get too excited something is certain to turn up. Barbara Ward A writer making an allusion should be reasonably sure that it will be familiar. Barbara Ward for instance could