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One of the most important roles for social funds is to expand their ac- tivities facilitating community participation and the interaction among the state, the private sector, and grassroots communities, which in turn enhances the sustainability of investments. Sustainability of investments is an important factor, especially in poor communities. Social funds ac- tivities can include training and advice on the development of programs for poorer communities. Social funds should continue with poverty al- leviation programs, those oriented to reinforce human capital as well as those oriented to rehabilitating the infrastructure | GREEN INVESTMENT FUNDS ORGANIC FARMING Dutch Case Study for OECD ENV EPOC BIO. Bellegem T. van Beijerman A. Eijs A. Boxtel. M. Graveland C. Wieringa H. November 1997 Submitted by the Government of the Netherlands 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1. GENERAL DESCRIPTION.3 1.1 Description of Dutch ecosystems.3 1.2 Description of main impacts.3 1.3 Identification of incentive measure Green investment funds scheme.4 1.4 Identification of economic sectors targeted by incentive measure.4 1.5 Identification of the project Organic farming in the Netherlands.4 CHAPTER 2. IDENTIFICATION OF CAUSES AND SOURCES OF PRESSURES.6 2.1 Identification of causes and sources of pressure on biodiversity in the Organic Farming Project.6 2.2 Identification of underlying causes of biodiversity loss.8 2.3 Identification of adverse incentives.11 CHAPTER 3. IMPACTS ON ECOSYSTEMS ORGANIC FARMING PROJECT.14 3.1 Biodiversity in the Netherlands.14 3.2 Organic farming in the Netherlands.15 3.3 Biodiversity in organic agriculture.18 CHAPTER 4. IMPACTS ON ECONOMY AND WELFARE.24 4.1 Direct economic losses.24 4.2 Potential benefits from utilisation of genetic resources.25 4.3 Effects of adverse incentives on efficiency.26 4.4 Employment.26 4.5 Total economic effect of organic farming.28 CHAPTER 5. IMPLEMENTATION OF INCENTIVE MEASURES AND CONTEXT.30 5.1 Identification of incentive measures.30 5.2 Process of implementation and distributional effects.35 5.3 The role of information and uncertainty in the implementation process.36 5.4 Framework and context of implementation.37 CHAPTER 6. RELEVANT POLICY CONCLUSIONS.39 6.1 Assessment of green investment.39 6.2 Transferability of the experience.41 6.3 Policy advice for implementation.42 REFERENCES.43 2 GREEN INVESTMENT FUNDS ORGANIC FARMING Dutch Case Study for the OECD Expert Group on Economic Aspects of Biodiversity by Bellegem T. van Beijerman A. Eijs A. Boxtel. M. Graveland C. Wieringa H. November 1997 CHAPTER 1. GENERAL DESCRIPTION 1.1 Description of Dutch .
