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Tham khảo tài liệu 'transformer engineering - design and practice episode 3', kỹ thuật - công nghệ, cơ khí - chế tạo máy phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | 1 Transformer Fundamentals 1.1 Perspective A transformer is a static device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another by electromagnetic induction without the change in frequency. The transformer which can link circuits with different voltages has been instrumental in enabling universal use of the alternating current system for transmission and distribution of electrical energy. Various components of power system viz. generators transmission lines distribution networks and finally the loads can be operated at their most suited voltage levels. As the transmission voltages are increased to higher levels in some part of the power system transformers again play a key role in interconnection of systems at different voltage levels. Transformers occupy prominent positions in the power system being the vital links between generating stations and points of utilization. The transformer is an electromagnetic conversion device in which electrical energy received by primary winding is first converted into magnetic energy which is reconverted back into a useful electrical energy in other circuits secondary winding tertiary winding etc. . Thus the primary and secondary windings are not connected electrically but coupled magnetically. A transformer is termed as either a step-up or step-down transformer depending upon whether the secondary voltage is higher or lower than the primary voltage respectively. Transformers can be used to either step-up or step-down voltage depending upon the need and application hence their windings are referred as high-voltage low-voltage or high-tension low-tension windings in place of primary secondary windings. Magnetic circuit Electrical energy transfer between two circuits takes place through a transformer without the use of moving parts the transformer therefore has higher efficiency and low maintenance cost as compared to rotating electrical 1 Copyright 2004 by Marcel Dekker Inc. 2 Chapter 1 machines. There are continuous .