Đang chuẩn bị nút TẢI XUỐNG, xin hãy chờ
Tải xuống
We have used a limited data set—comprised of a sector-level emissions inventory and original emissions estimates for a small sample of industrial facilities—to shed light on the links between maquiladoras, air pollution, and human health in Paso del Norte. We found that particulate emissions from maquiladoras undoubtedly have significant impacts on human health—collectively, these plants are probably responsible for dozens of cases of premature mortality and thousands of cases of respiratory disease each year. However, particulate emissions generate health damages of similar magnitudes regardless of the source, and maquiladoras are clearly not the region’s leading sources of. | HUMAN SETTLEMENT DEVELOPMENT - Vol. II - A Case Study of Mitigating Air Pollution Emissions at Traffic Light J-unctions - Wan Hashim Wan Ibrahim and Nor Azam Ramli A CASE STUDY OF MITIGATING AIR POLLUTION EMISSIONS AT TRAFFIC LIGHT JUNCTIONS Wan Hashim Wan Ibrahim and Nor Azam Ramli School of Civil Engineering Universiti Sains Malaysia Engineering Campus Malaysia Keywords Air quality carbon monoxide emission rates environmental impact hydrocarbons lead nitrous oxides traffic light junction traffic congestion signal coordination. Contents 1. Introduction 2. Factors Contributing to Traffic Congestion 3. Effects of Air Pollution 3.1. Carbon Monoxide 3.2. Oxides of Nitrogen and Hydrocarbon 3.3. Lead Compounds 3.4. Smoke 4. Pollutant Emissions at Traffic Light Junction 5. Study Approach 6. Data Collection 7. Proposed Improvements 7.1. scenario 1 7.2. Scenario 2 8. Estimation Results 8.1. Average Stopped Delay 8.2. Average Fuel Consumption and Average Pollutant Emissions. 9. Conclusions Glossary Bibliography Biographical Sketches Summary Air pollution due to transportation is the result of the discharge of unburnt and partially burnt engine fuels together with the by-products of complete combustion. The major components of air pollution due to transportation are carbon monoxide CO oxides of nitrogen NOx hydrocarbon HC lead and particulate matter. The concentration and relative mixtures of these pollutants depends on vehicle speed acceleration deceleration the amount of time vehicles spend idling stopping and waiting especially at major junction in urban areas. However due to an increase in traffic volume improper junction geometry improper signal phasing and also due to inadequate signal timing motorists are spending substantial amount of their time idling and waiting at junctions. Traffic light junctions that are designed according to proper standards will minimize delay and thus reduce the amount of pollutants emitted from idling vehicles. In this paper the effects of
