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Môi trường là không gian sống của con người và sinh vật. Trong quá trình tồn tại và phát triển con người cần có các nhu cầu tối thiểu về không khí, độ ẩm, nước, nhà ở. cũng như các hoạt động vui chơi giải trí khác. | 212 Botzen and van den Bergh droughts and floods. In particular rainfall and floods are likely to increase in high latitude regions while southern arid regions are expected to have considerable reductions in rainfall in both hemispheres. In other parts of the world warmer air and oceans could cause more intense storms such as hurricanes and typhoons. In addition climate change is expected to cause a rise in the mean sea level due to expansion of warmer oceans and melting of glaciers and ice caps. The IPCC 2007 projects a global rise in sea levels of 0.2-0.6 m by 2100. An irreversible melting of Greenland ice4 or a collapse of the West-Antarctic Ice Sheet which has a low probability of occurring could cause a substantial rise in sea level of about 5-12 m globally although this is very uncertain and could only occur in the course of several centuries Rapley 2006 Wood et al. 2006 . Sea level rise will inundate many unprotected low-lying areas and may increase the likelihood of flooding due to storm surges which could have considerable consequences for small island states and countries with extensively populated deltas and coastal areas such as the Netherlands Vietnam and Bangladesh. The IPCC 2007 states that global temperatures have increased by approximately 0.76 C since 1900 while sea levels rose by about 20 cm. There is also evidence that some of these expected effects of climate change on extreme weather have already materialized. The IPCC 2007 indicates that it is likely that both heatwaves and heavy precipitation events increased in frequency during the late 20th century over most areas and that it is more likely than not that humans contributed to the observed trend. Moreover an increased incidence of extreme high sea levels has been observed over this time period and it is more likely than not that humans also contributed to this trend. According to the IPCC 2007 there has been evidence of an increase in the average intensity of tropical cyclones such as .
