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Nguồn năng lượng phong phú và đáng tin cậy là rất quan trọng cho phúc lợi xã hội và kinh tế của một quốc gia công nghiệp. Nguồn năng lượng, bao gồm cả nhiên liệu hóa thạch và hạt nhân cũng như năng lượng mặt trời, nước, thủy triều, năng lượng địa nhiệt, có thể bị bắt giữ, thu hồi và chuyển đổi thành các dạng năng lượng khác cho nhiều hộ gia đình, giao thông vận tải, thương mại, và các ứng dụng công nghiệp làm phong phú thêm môi trường của con người | ENERGY SOURCES ALTERNATIVES INTRODUCTION Abundant and dependable sources of energy are vital to the social and economic welfare of an industrial nation. Energy resources including fossil and nuclear fuels as well as solar water tidal and geothermal energy may be captured or recovered and converted into other energy forms for a variety of household commercial transportation and industrial applications that enrich the human environment. The economic benefits of energy utilization are generally described by the relationship between the per capita GNP of a nation and its per capita energy use shown in Figure 1 which is based on United Nations data.1 On the other hand economic indicators such as GNP are not the sole measure of the quality-of-life and use of energy particularly in the energy conversion step where resources are consumed to produce power have been identified as major contributors to air and water pollution and to the despoilment of land environmental factors that threaten the integrity of the biosphere and possibly endanger the life support system on earth. Energy sources have effects on the environment that occur both naturally and as a result of man s efforts to exploit them. Natural effects range from the life sustaining action of solar radiation to the destructive manifestations of geothermal energy volcanic eruption which cause extensive damage and spew particulate matter and gases into the atmosphere at a rate rivaled by conventional man-made processes. These and other natural phenomena have not been controlled and should not be considered further because it can be presumed that these natural effects are now widely surpassed by human faults and advanced technologies which not yet consider in the due extent secondary environmental effects. These environmental effects encountered in the harnessing of various energy sources depend on the forms of energy in demand and on the resources and systems that are utilized to satisfy that demand. The impacts of .
