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In the vascular system, estrogen and serotonin have been shown to individually alter clotting, cholesterol, vasocon- striction, and heart attacks. Both high and low levels of E2 have been associated with increased risk of thromboem- bolism; high levels result in increased clot formation, while low levels result in slower clot breakdown. Unusu- ally high concentrations of estrogen (beyond normal physiological levels) directly increase the likelihood of clotting by increasing production of clotting factors VII through X in the liver [41]. In addition, these levels of E2 might increase clotting by increasing serotonin, which is constitutively present in human plasma and platelets and works to promote clotting[6,79] and increase density of platelets [58]. Increased. | Cancer Control Course Spring 2006 Hermine Maes What is Cancer Cancer is a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells. Cancer is caused by external factors and internal factors which may act together to initiate or promote carcinogenesis. 1 What is Cancer Control the reduction of cancer incidence morbidity and mortality through an orderly sequence from research on interventions and their impact in defined populations to the broad systematic application of the research results. old the conduct of basic and applied research in the behavioral social health and population sciences to create or enhance interventions that independently or in combination with biomedical approaches reduce cancer risk incidence morbidity and mortality and improve quality of life Cancer Control Review Group 1998 -modified . What is Cancer Control Research Research that aims to reduce risk incidence and deaths from cancer as well as enhance the quality of life for cancer survivors. - The DCCPS conducts and supports an integrated program of the highest quality genetic epidemiologic behavioral social applied and surveillance cancer research. Cancer control research aims to understand the causes and distribution of cancer in populations support the development and implementation of effective interventions and monitor and explain cancer trends in all segments of the population. Central to these activities is the process of synthesis and decisionmaking that aids in evaluating what has been learned identifying new priorities and strategies and effectively applying research discoveries to reduce the cancer burden. 2 History of Cancer Control Research 1900-1950 - Concept of cancer control emerged as control over communicable diseases was being achieved and more people were living to an age where cancer became a greater threat - Cancer mortality rose from 9th to 2nd most frequent cause of death in the US - Cancer mortality rate for certain cancers increased in .
