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We are very pleased to launch the 23rd edition of Ganong's Review of Medical Physiology . The current authors have attempted to maintain the highest standards of excellence, accuracy, and pedagogy developed by Fran Ganong over the 46 years in which he educated countless students worldwide with this textbook. At the same time, we have been attuned to the evolving needs of both students and professors in medical physiology. Thus, in addition to usual updates on the latest research and developments in areas such as the cellular basis of physiology and neurophysiology, this edition has added both outstanding pedagogy and learning aids for students. We are truly grateful for the many helpful insights, suggestions, and. | Ganong s Review of Physiol 23rd Edition Kim Barrett Heddwen Brooks Scott Boitano Susan Barman LANGE Ranges of Normal Values in Human Whole Blood B Plasma P or Serum S a Normal Value Varies with Procedure Used Determination Traditional Units SI Units Determination Normal Value Varies with Procedure Used Traditional Units SI Units Acetoacetate plus acetone S 0.3-2.0 mg dL 3-20 mg L Aldosterone supine P 3.0-10 ng dL 83-227 pmol L Alpha-amino nitrogen P 3.0-5.5 mg dL 2.1-3.9 mmol L Aminotransferases Alanine aminotransferase 3-48 units L Aspartate aminotransferase 0-55 units L Ammonia B 12-55 pmol L 12-55 pmol L Amylase S 53-123 units L 884-2050 nmol s-1 L Ascorbic acid B 0.4-1.5 mg dL fasting 23-85 pmol L Bilirubin S Conjugated direct up to 0.4 mg dL Up to 7 pmol L Total conjugated plus free up to 1.0 mg dL Up to 17 pmol L Calcium S 8.5-10.5 mg dL 4.3-5.3 meq L 2.1-2.6 mmol L Carbon dioxide content S 24-30 meq L 24-30 mmol L Carotenoids S 0.8-4.0 pg mL 1.5-7.4 pmol L Ceruloplasmin S 23-43 mg dL 240-430 mg L Chloride S 100-108 meq L 100-108 mmol L Cholesterol S 200 mg dL 5.17 mmol L Cholesteryl esters S 60-70 of total cholesterol Copper total S 70-155 pg dL 11.0-24.4 pmol L Cortisol P AM fasting 5-25 pg dL 0.14-0.69 pmol L Creatinine P 0.6-1.5 mg dL 53-133 pmol L Glucose fasting P 70-110 mg dL 3.9-6.1 mmol L Iron S 50-150 pg dL 9.0-26.9 pmol L Lactic acid B 0.5-2.2 meq L 0.5-2.2 mmol L Lipase S 3-19 units L Lipids total S 450-1000 mg dL 4.5-10 g L Magnesium S 1.4-2.0 meq L 0.7-1.0 mmol L Osmolality S 280-296 mosm kg H2O 280-296 mmol kg H2O Pco2 arterial B 35-45 mm Hg 4.7-6.0 kPa Pepsinogen P 200-425 units mL pH B 7.35-7.45 Phenylalanine S 0-2 mg dL 0-120 pmol L Phosphatase acid S Males 0-0.8 sigma unit mL Females 0.01-0.56 sigma unit mL Phosphatase alkaline S 13-39 units L adults 0.22-0.65 pmol s-1 L Phospholipids S 9-16 mg dL as lipid phosphorus 2.9-5.2 mmol L Phosphorus inorganic S 2.6-4.5 mg dL infants in first year up to 6.0 mg dL 0.84-1.45 mmol L PO2 arterial B .