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This book is a result of contributions of experts from international scientific community working in different aspects of nanocomposite science and applications and reports on the state of the art research and development findings on nanocomposites through original and innovative research studies. Through its 19 chapters the reader will have access to works related to the theory, and characterization of various types of nanocomposites such as composites of cellulose and metal nanoparticles, polymer/clay, polymer/Carbon and polymer-graphene nanocomposites and several other exciting topics while it introduces the various applications of nanocomposites in water treatment, supercapacitors, green energy generation, anticorrosive and antistatic. | Chapter 10 Graphene Semiconductor Nanocomposites Preparation and Application for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Xiaoyan Zhang and Xiaoli Cui Additional information is available at the end of the chapter http dx.doi.org 10.5772 51056 1. Introduction 1.1. What is graphene Graphene is a flat monolayer of sp2-bonded carbon atoms tightly packed into a two-dimensional 2D honeycomb lattice. It is a basic building block for graphitic materials of all other dimensionalities see Fig.1 from ref. 1 which can be wrapped into 0D fullerene rolled into 1D nanotubes or stacked into 3D graphite. It has high thermal conductivity 5 000 W m-1K-1 2 excellent mobility of charge carriers 200 000 cm2 V-1 s-1 3 a large specific surface area calculated value 2 630 m2 g-1 4 and good mechanical stability 5 . Additionally the surface of graphene is easily functionalized in comparison to carbon nanotubes. Thus graphene has attracted immense attention 1 6-8 and it shows great applications in various areas such as nanoelectronics sensors catalysts and energy conversion since its discovery in 2004 9-14 . To date various methods have been developed for the preparation of graphene via chemical or physical routes. Novoselov in 2004 firstly reported the micromechanical exfoliation method to prepare single-layer graphene sheets by repeated peeling 1 . Though the obtained graphene has high quality micromechanical exfoliation has yielded small samples of graphene that are useful for fundamental study. Then methods such as epitaxial growth and chemical vapor deposition have been developed 15-20 . In epitaxial growth graphene is produced by decomposition of the surface of silicon carbide SiC substrates via sublimation of silicon atoms and graphitization of remaining C atoms by annealing at high temperature 1000-1600 C . Epitaxial graphene on SiC 0001 has been demonstrated to exhibit high mobilities especially multilayered films. Recently single layered SiC converted graphene over a INTECH open science I
